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____ [38]
3 years ago
9

1) A butcher has an annual income of $58,612. The income tax the butcher has to pay is 7%. What is the amount of income tax in d

ollar and cents the butcher has to pay? A) $3,108.53 B) $3,712.66 C) $4,102.84 D) $4,364.79
Mathematics
1 answer:
SIZIF [17.4K]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

C. $4,102.84

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Let X1 and X2 be independent random variables with mean μand variance σ².
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a) E(\hat \theta_1) =\frac{1}{2} [E(X_1) +E(X_2)]= \frac{1}{2} [\mu + \mu] = \mu

So then we conclude that \hat \theta_1 is an unbiased estimator of \mu

E(\hat \theta_2) =\frac{1}{4} [E(X_1) +3E(X_2)]= \frac{1}{4} [\mu + 3\mu] = \mu

So then we conclude that \hat \theta_2 is an unbiased estimator of \mu

b) Var(\hat \theta_1) =\frac{1}{4} [\sigma^2 + \sigma^2 ] =\frac{\sigma^2}{2}

Var(\hat \theta_2) =\frac{1}{16} [\sigma^2 + 9\sigma^2 ] =\frac{5\sigma^2}{8}

Step-by-step explanation:

For this case we know that we have two random variables:

X_1 , X_2 both with mean \mu = \mu and variance \sigma^2

And we define the following estimators:

\hat \theta_1 = \frac{X_1 + X_2}{2}

\hat \theta_2 = \frac{X_1 + 3X_2}{4}

Part a

In order to see if both estimators are unbiased we need to proof if the expected value of the estimators are equal to the real value of the parameter:

E(\hat \theta_i) = \mu , i = 1,2

So let's find the expected values for each estimator:

E(\hat \theta_1) = E(\frac{X_1 +X_2}{2})

Using properties of expected value we have this:

E(\hat \theta_1) =\frac{1}{2} [E(X_1) +E(X_2)]= \frac{1}{2} [\mu + \mu] = \mu

So then we conclude that \hat \theta_1 is an unbiased estimator of \mu

For the second estimator we have:

E(\hat \theta_2) = E(\frac{X_1 + 3X_2}{4})

Using properties of expected value we have this:

E(\hat \theta_2) =\frac{1}{4} [E(X_1) +3E(X_2)]= \frac{1}{4} [\mu + 3\mu] = \mu

So then we conclude that \hat \theta_2 is an unbiased estimator of \mu

Part b

For the variance we need to remember this property: If a is a constant and X a random variable then:

Var(aX) = a^2 Var(X)

For the first estimator we have:

Var(\hat \theta_1) = Var(\frac{X_1 +X_2}{2})

Var(\hat \theta_1) =\frac{1}{4} Var(X_1 +X_2)=\frac{1}{4} [Var(X_1) + Var(X_2) + 2 Cov (X_1 , X_2)]

Since both random variables are independent we know that Cov(X_1, X_2 ) = 0 so then we have:

Var(\hat \theta_1) =\frac{1}{4} [\sigma^2 + \sigma^2 ] =\frac{\sigma^2}{2}

For the second estimator we have:

Var(\hat \theta_2) = Var(\frac{X_1 +3X_2}{4})

Var(\hat \theta_2) =\frac{1}{16} Var(X_1 +3X_2)=\frac{1}{4} [Var(X_1) + Var(3X_2) + 2 Cov (X_1 , 3X_2)]

Since both random variables are independent we know that Cov(X_1, X_2 ) = 0 so then we have:

Var(\hat \theta_2) =\frac{1}{16} [\sigma^2 + 9\sigma^2 ] =\frac{5\sigma^2}{8}

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3 years ago
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