Answer:
the annual pre-tax cost of debt is 10.56%
Explanation:
the beore-tax component cost of debt will be the actual market rate of the bonds, as they offer an interest rate of 11% but are selling at 104 points not at par thus, there is a difference between the rates.
We solve for the rate which makes the coupon and maturity 104
with excel or a financial calculator
PV of the coupon payment
C 5.500 (100 x 11%/2)
time 60 (30 years x 2 payment per year)
rate <em>0.052787474</em>
PV $99.4338
PV of the maturity
Maturity 100.00
time 60.00
rate <em>0.052787474</em>
PV 4.57
<em><u>Adding both we should get 104 which is the amount the bonds is selling:</u></em>
PV coupon $99.4338 + PV maturity $4.5662 = $104.0000
The rate is generated using goal seek or wiht a financial calculator.
This rate is a semiannual rate, so we multiply by 2 to get the annual cost of debt:
0.052787474 x 2 = 0.105574947
The cost of debt for the firm is 10.56%
Answer:
Income elasticity = 2
Normal good
Explanation:
Below is the given values:
Percentage decrease in consumers income = 10%
Percentage decrease in quantity demanded = 20%
Use the below formula to find the income elasticity:
Income elasticity = % change in quantity demanded / % in income
Income elasticity = -20/-10
Income elasticity = 2
Since the elasticity is 2 that means good is normal good.
Answer:
Consumers should not buy from companies that don't source materials
Explanation:
Companies should never have an excuse for not sourcing for their materials responsively and responsibly. They owe an ethical responsibility as well as a duty to offer their customers qualitative products at the best price and that is most sustainable to the environment.In recent times, through the widespread use of social media and the instrument of investigative journalism, it has been able to bring to the surface, the less than responsible activities of many companies in sourcing for their interest of the public and the environment.The 2006 movie "Blood Diamond" shows an avid description of how diamonds are mined and traded in the war-torn country of Sierra Leonne depicting the violation of Human and Child rights and how is excessively enriched diamond suppliers and companies.It is clear that many companies despite the public outcry for transparency in revealing their supply chain in sourcing for their materials still chose unorthodox practices. It therefore, falls on the consumers to spend their money responsibly and make smart and credible choices with their finances by refusing to buy from companies that are not transparent with their source materials.Consumers are the life-wire of any business and the hope of any business survival rests majorly on consumer satisfaction. Researches have shown that companies are no being accountable with the natural resources are utilized and have been used to cause serious harm to people and the environment. Since the companies manage to evade adequate regulations and responsibilities, it falls on the consumers to ensure that their money serves them to the greatest value.
Answer:
C) There was no price control on gasoline at the time.
Explanation:
During the 1970s the US government established a price ceiling on gasoline, but as all price ceilings set below the equilibrium price, it results in both a deadweight loss and a supply shortage.
Since the price is "too cheap", then the quantity demanded will be more than the quantity supplied. Rising costs in gasoline production made things worst, since suppliers were constantly reducing their supply of gasoline, while consumer demand was constantly increasing.
Ex-post (in an accounting sense), Savings ALWAYS equals Investment. However, ex-ante, DESIRED savings may very well be different from DESIRED investment. It is the REAL INTEREST RATE which adjusts to make desired savings equal to desired investment.
Explanation:
- In the basic, closed economy model, Savings=Investment. The reason for this is because, in this model, growing capital stock is not the only item taken into account in Investment. The other item is inventory accumulation.
- Savings is whatever is left over after income is spent on consumption of goods and services, investment is what is spent on goods and services that are not 'consumed', but are durable.
- Equilibrium in the goods market can be expressed in two equivalent ways: (1) desired national saving is equal to desired investment; AS = AD.
- The real interest rate is the rate of interest an investor, saver or lender receives (or expects to receive) after allowing for inflation. It can be described more formally by the Fisher equation, which states that the real interest rate is approximately the nominal interest rate minus the inflation rate.
