Answer:
to prevent history from happening in the future.
Virtually every crime gun in the United States starts off as a legal firearm. Unlike narcotics or other contraband criminal arms trafficking is widespread in regions of political turmoil, it is not limited to such areas, for example, in South Asia, an estimated 63 million guns have been trafficked into India and Pakistan.
While illegal guns often pass through multiple trafficking channels, the report confirms that corrupt gun dealers and gun shows present challenges to enforcement. Although gun dealers were involved in less than 10 percent of the investigations, they were associated with the largest total number of diverted firearms (over 40,000 guns) and the highest average number of guns per investigation (350). Gun shows had the second highest number of trafficked guns per investigation (more than 130) and were associated with over 26,000 diverted guns.
A firearm is any type of gun designed to be readily carried and used by an individual. The term is legally defined further in different countries (see Legal definitions).
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Americans began to rethink the nation's environmental policies partly as a result of the oil embargo.
When the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries, led by Saudi Arabia, declared an oil embargo in October 1973, the 1973 oil crisis—also known as the first oil crisis—began. Targets of the embargo were countries that had backed Israel during the Yom Kippur War. Moreover, they also imposed an embargo on the US in retaliation for its decision to resupply the Israeli military and to use this as leverage in the peace talks following the war. The 1979 oil crisis, also referred to as the Second Oil Crisis or the 1979 Oil Shock, was an energy crisis brought on by a decline in oil production following the Iranian Revolution.
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Proponents of literature-based instruction usually focus on the importance of using authentic literature, rather than the "canned" variety found in basal textbooks and other programs. Books that are written to teach children to read tend to be boring, contrived and less vibrant than authentic literature. Authentic literature can also open doors for students by introducing them to different cultures, social structures and story lines.
Advantage: Higher Level Thinking Skills
Many teachers choose literature-based instruction because they feel that it addresses higher level thinking skills than basal level instruction. Rather than forcing children to give pat answers to basic questions about a story, literature-based instruction encourages children to think deeply and share their thoughts about a story. Reading authentic literature can improve vocabulary, reading comprehension, reading ability and language growth. In addition, literature-based instruction is much more child-centered, with the teacher as the facilitator or coach, rather than "the sage on the stage."
Disadvantage: Teacher's Perspective
From the teacher's perspective, teaching using a literature-based approach can be more difficult than using other approaches. First-time teachers may find it especially challenging, since literature-based approaches inherently have less structure than many other approaches. Teachers also may struggle with effectively assessing a child's progress. Because literature-based instruction is less widely used than other forms of instruction, teachers often spend hours choosing literature selections, as well as developing activities and evaluations that reflect the content.
Disadvantage: Scope and Sequence
Finding appropriate literature selections that address the skills that students need to learn can be challenging, and finding selections that actually build from one year to the next is virtually impossible. This means that using literature-based instruction may prevent students from building their skills in a systematic fashion, and they may miss out on some skills entirely. Especially as students advance to the next grade, they will feel a lack of continuity, which can prevent them from growing as readers, writers and thinkers.
References
Fayetteville State University: Merits of a Literature-Based Instruction Vs. the Basal Approach
Family Education: Literature-Based Reading Programs
Lesson Sense: Literature-Based Instruction
About the Author
Keren (Carrie) Perles is a freelance writer with professional experience in publishing since 2004. Perles has written, edited and developed curriculum for educational publishers. She writes online articles about various topics, mostly about education or parenting, and has been a mother, teacher and tutor for various ages. Perles holds a Bachelor of Arts in English communications from the University of Maryland, Baltimore County.
