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2 years ago

2. Choose the atom from each of the following pairs with the greater ionization energy: a. Be and Ba b. Al and Ar c. Ca and Cl

Chemistry

1 answer:

beks73 [17]2 years ago

6 0

Considering the definition of ionization energy, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

Electrons are held in atoms by their attraction to the nucleus, which means that energy is needed to remove an electron from the atom.

You should keep in mind that the electrons of the last layer are always lost, because they are the weakest attracted to the nucleus.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the necessary energy that must be supplied to a neutral, gaseous, ground-state atom to remove an electron from an atom. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, a cation with a charge equal to +1 is formed.

In a group, the ionization energy increases upwards because when passing from one element to the bottom, it contains one more layer of electrons. Therefore, the valence layer electrons, being further away from the nucleus, will be less attracted to it and it will cost less energy to pluck them.

In the same period, in general, it increases as you shift to the right. This is because the elements in this way have a tendency to gain electrons and therefore it will cost much more to tear them off than those on the left which, having few electrons in the last layer will cost them much less to lose them.

Considering all the above, from each of the pairs, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

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List the substances Ar, Cl2, CH4, and CH3COOH, in order of increasing strength of intermolecular attractions. List the substance

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Answer:

Order of increasing strength of intermolecular attraction:

$CH_3COOH$ > $Cl_2$ > $CH_4$ > Ar

Explanation:

$CH_3COOH$ can form hydrogen bond as H atom is attached with electronegative atom O.

Rest three, $Cl_2$ , $CH_4$ , Ar are non-polar molecules.

In non-polar molecules, van der Waal's intermolecular forces of attractions exist. Hydrogen bonding is stronger intermolecular attraction then van der Waal's intermolecular forces of attraction, hence, $CH_3COOH$ has strongest intermolecular attractions.

Ar will have least intermolecular attraction, as it behaves almost as ideal gas and there is no intermolecular attraction exist between molecules of ideal gases.

Molecular size and mass of $Cl_2$ is high as compared to $CH_4$ .

van der Waals intermolecular forces of attraction increases with increase in size.

Therefore,

Order of increasing strength of intermolecular attraction will be:

$CH_3COOH$ > $Cl_2$ > $CH_4$ > Ar

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3 years ago

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Calculate how many moles of NH3 form when each quantity of reactant completely reacts according to the equation:

sergiy2304 [10]

The balanced chemical reaction is:

<span>3N2H4(l)→4NH3(g)+N2(g)
</span>
The amounts given for the N2H4 reactant will be the starting point for our calculations.

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3 years ago

Methanol (ch3oh), also called methyl alcohol, is the simplest alcohol. it is used as a fuel in race cars and is a potential repl

erica [24]

Answer:

%age Yield = 51.45 %

Solution:

Step 1: Convert Kg into g

68.5 Kg CO = 68500 g CO

8.60 Kg H₂ = 8600 g

Step 2: Find out Limiting reactant;

The Balance Chemical Equation is as follow;

CO + 2 H₂ → CH₃OH

According to Equation,

28 g (1 mol) CO reacts with = 4 g (2 mol) of H₂

So,

68500 g CO will react with = X g of H₂

Solving for X,

X = (68500 g × 4 g) ÷ 28 g

X = 9785 g of H₂

It shows 9785 g H₂ is required to react with 68500 g of CO but we are provided with 8600 g of H₂ which is less than required. Therefore, H₂ is provided in less amount hence, it is a Limiting reagent and will control the yield of products.

Step 3: Calculate Theoretical Yield

According to equation,

4 g (2 mol) H₂ reacts to produce = 32 g (1 mol) Methanol

So,

8600 g H₂ will produce = X g of CH₃OH

Solving for X,

X = (8600 g × 32 g) ÷ 4 g

X = 68800 g of CH₃OH

Step 4: Calculate %age Yield

%age Yield = Actual Yield ÷ Theoretical Yield × 100

Putting Values,

%age Yield = 3.54 × 10⁴ g ÷ 68800 g × 100

%age Yield = 51.45 %

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Answer:

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