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3 years ago

2. Choose the atom from each of the following pairs with the greater ionization energy: a. Be and Ba b. Al and Ar c. Ca and Cl

Chemistry

1 answer:

beks73 [17]3 years ago

6 0

Considering the definition of ionization energy, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

Electrons are held in atoms by their attraction to the nucleus, which means that energy is needed to remove an electron from the atom.

You should keep in mind that the electrons of the last layer are always lost, because they are the weakest attracted to the nucleus.

Ionization energy, also called ionization potential, is the necessary energy that must be supplied to a neutral, gaseous, ground-state atom to remove an electron from an atom. When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, a cation with a charge equal to +1 is formed.

In a group, the ionization energy increases upwards because when passing from one element to the bottom, it contains one more layer of electrons. Therefore, the valence layer electrons, being further away from the nucleus, will be less attracted to it and it will cost less energy to pluck them.

In the same period, in general, it increases as you shift to the right. This is because the elements in this way have a tendency to gain electrons and therefore it will cost much more to tear them off than those on the left which, having few electrons in the last layer will cost them much less to lose them.

Considering all the above, from each of the pairs, the highest ionization energy belongs to the element:

a. Be

b. Ar

c. Cl

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Determine the concentrations of MgCl2, Mg2+, and Cl− in a solution prepared by dissolving 2.52 × 10−4 g MgCl2 in 2.00 L of water

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Answer:

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Mass of MgCl₂ = 2.52 x 10⁻⁴g

Volume of water = 2L

Unkown:

Concentration of MgCl₂ =?

Concentration of Mg²⁺ = ?

Concentration of Cl⁻ =?

Solution:

Concentration is defined as the number of moles of a solute contained in a solution.

Concentration = $\frac{number of moles }{volume}$

To find the number of moles"

number of moles = $\frac{mass}{molar mass}$

Molar mass of MgCl₂ = 24.3 + (2 x 35.5) = 95.3g/mol

number of moles = $\frac{0.000}{molar mass}$ = 0.000252moles

Concentration of MgCl₂ = $\frac{0.000252}{95.3}$ = 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³

from the formula of the compound;

1 mole of MgCl₂ contains 1 mole of Mg²⁺

Therefore, 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ of MgCl₂ will contains 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ of Mg

Also;

1 mole of MgCl₂ contains 2 mole of Cl⁻

2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ contains 2 x 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³; 5.29 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³

Expressing in ppm;

1ppm = 1mg/L

2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ to mg/L for Mg²⁺

2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ = 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ x molar mass(g/mol)

= 2.64 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ x 24.3 = 6.43 x 10⁻⁵g/L

g/L to mg/L; 6.43 x 10⁻⁵g/L x 1000 = 6.43 x 10⁻²mg/L = 6.43 x 10⁻²ppm

5.29 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ to mg/L for Cl⁻;

5.29 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ = 5.29 x 10⁻⁶moldm⁻³ x 35.5 = 1.88 x 10⁻⁴g/L

g/L to mg/L; 1.88 x 10⁻⁴g/L x 1000 = 1.88 x 10⁻¹mg/L = 1.88 x 10⁻¹ppm

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2 years ago

36. Dimensional Analysis: A useful way to convert units using multiplication & division *Always start with what you are give

ollegr [7]

Answer:

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Explanation:

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