B is the answer for your question
Two abiotic forms of carbon are CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE.
The element carbon is continuously been recycled in nature. The abiotic components of the carbon cycle refers to the non living part of the carbon cycle which has influence on the living part. Methane is a type of fossil fuel whose major component is carbon.
The chemical formula of carbon dioxide is CO2 while that of methane is CH4.
Many different ways, primarily through bone and muscle loss. The lack of pressure on bones causes the body to reabsorb calcium from them, weakening them and potentially causing kidney stones.
Answer:
An electrochemical Gradient
Explanation:
During the translation of mRNA to protein, the nascent polypeptide chain that is formed is not yet a functional protein right after translation. The polypeptide must then undergo another series of processing and packaging and may even need another protein(s) to completely form a functional moiety. Generally, for this a mix of chaperones may be needed to complete the protein synthesis pathway.
