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The formal study of public speaking began approximately 2,500 years ago in Greece and Rome.
Answer: until I turn sixteen in July
Explanation:
A dependent clause that starts with a subordinating conjunction such as "until" functions as an adverb. In this example, the adverb clause modifies the verb "drive" and starts with the subordinating conjunction "until". If the clause was located at the beginning of the sentence, it should be separated with a comma. In this case, since it´s at the end of the sentence, a comma is not required.
I'll answer for the dependent clauses.
In #1, "Contrary to popular expectations" is the dependent clause.
In #2, the dependent clause is "It's a little known fact."
In #3, the dependent clause is "Mrs. Kelly reflected that, besides flying."
Are there options? Or something else?