Answer:
a. There are three potential energy interaction. b. 2.16 m/s c. 2.16 m/s d. 0 m/s
Explanation:
a. There are three potential energy interaction.
Let the charges be q₁ = +40 nC, q₂ = +250 nC and q₃ = + 40 nC and the distances between them be q₁ and q₂ is r, the distance between q₂ and q₃ is r and the distance between q₁ and q₃ is r₁ = 2r respectively. So, the potential energies are
U₁ = kq₁q₂/r, U₂ = kq₁q₃/2r and U₃ = kq₂q₃/r
U = U₁ + U₂ + U₃ = kq₁q₂/r + kq₁q₃/2r + kq₂q₃/r (q₁ = q₃ = q and q₂ = Q)
U = kqQ/r + kq²/2r + kqQ/r = qk/r(2Q + q/2)
b. To calculate the final speed of the left 2.0 g button, the potential energy = kinetic energy change of the particle.
ΔU = -ΔK
0 - qk(2Q + q/2)/r = -(1/2mv² - 0). Since the final potential at infinity equals zero and the initial kinetic energy is zero.
So qk(2Q + q/2)/r = -1/2mv²
v = √[2qk(2Q + q/2)/mr] where m = 2.0 g r = 2.0 cm
substituting the values for the variables,
v = √[2 × 40 × 10⁻⁹ × 9 × 10⁹(2 × 250 × 10⁻⁹ + 40 × 10⁻⁹/2)/2 × 10⁻³ × 2 × 10⁻²]
v = √[360(500 × 10⁻⁹ + 20 × 10⁻⁹)/2 × 10⁻⁵]
v = √[720(520 × 10⁻⁹)/4 × 10⁻⁵] = 2.16 m/s
c. The final speed of the right 2.0 g button is also 2.16 m/s since we have the same potential energy in the system
d.
Since the net force on the 5.0 g mass is zero due to the mutual repulsion of the charges on the two 2.0 g masses, its acceleration a = 0. Since it starts from rests u = 0, its velocity v = u + at.
Hence,
v = u + at = 0 + 0t = 0 m/s
