An ideal gas is defined as one in which all collisions between atoms or molecules are perfectly eleastic and in which there are no intermolecular attractive forces. One can visualize it as a collection of perfectly hard spheres which collide but which otherwise do not interact with each other.
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Answer:
According to Le-chatelier principle, equilibrium will shift towards left to minimize concentration of 
and keep same equilibrium constant
Explanation:
In this buffer following equilibrium exists -
So, is involved in the above equilibrium.
When a strong base is added to this buffer, then concentration of increases. Hence, according to Le-chatelier principle, above equilibrium will shift towards left to minimize concentration of and keep same equilibrium constant.
Therefore excess amount of combines with 
to produce ammonia and water. So, effect of addition of strong base on pH of buffer gets minimized.
In a food chain we arrange the energy in the form of a pyramid.
The producers are on the base of pyramid and then consumers are towards peak.
in the given food chain grass is being eaten by grasshopper which are food of birds.
Grasshoppers are also eaten up by Hawks. so both brids and hawks are feeding upon grasshoppers thus the amount of energy transferred from the grass to the grasshopper is the same as the amount of energy transferred from the grasshopper to the bird.
