The directions arrow<span> is </span>always<span> going the wrong </span>way<span>.</span>
Answer:
Snell's Law states
Ni sin i = Nr sin r
Judging from the question the source of the ray is in the water (directed up)
or NI = 1 / sin 49 Ni = 1.325 deg the critical angle
From inside the pond:
Nr = 1.325 * sin 45 / 1 = 94 deg
So refraction can occur outside the pond and you do not have total internal refection.
The time spent in the air by the ball at the given momentum is 6.43 s.
The given parameters;
- <em>momentum of the ball, P = 0.9 kgm/s</em>
- <em>weight of the ball, W = 0.14 N</em>
The impulse experienced by the ball is calculated as follows;

where;
is impulse
is change in momentum
The time of motion of the ball is calculated as follows;

Thus, the time spent in the air by the ball at the given momentum is 6.43 s.
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Answer: The person will still have a mass of 90kg on Mars
Explanation: The Truth is, the mass of a body remains constant from place to place. It is the weight which is equal to {mass of body * acceleration due to gravity{g}} that varies from place to place since it is dependent on {g}.
In this case the person will have a Weight of 90*9.8 = 882N on Earth.
{ "g" on Earth is 9.8m/s²}
And a Weight of 90*3.3 = 297N on Mars.
{ From the question "g" on Mars is {9.8m/s²}/3 which is 3.3m/s²}
From this analysis you notice that the WEIGHT of the person Varies but the MASS remained Constant at 90kg.