A) initial volume
We can calculate the initial volume of the gas by using the ideal gas law:

where

is the initial pressure of the gas

is the initial volume of the gas

is the number of moles

is the gas constant

is the initial temperature of the gas
By re-arranging this equation, we can find

:

2) Now the gas cools down to a temperature of

while the pressure is kept constant:

, so we can use again the ideal gas law to find the new volume of the gas

3) In a process at constant pressure, the work done by the gas is equal to the product between the pressure and the difference of volume:

by using the data we found at point 1) and 2), we find

where the negative sign means the work is done by the surrounding on the gas.
This relationship is called commensalism.
Answer:
2.4 m/s
Explanation:
Momentum is conserved.
m₁u₁ + m₂u₂ = m₁v₁ + m₂v₂
(0.08 kg)(0.5 m/s) + (0.05 kg)(0 m/s) = (0.08 kg)(-0.1 m/s) + (0.05 kg) v
0.04 kg m/s = -0.08 kg m/s + (0.05 kg) v
0.12 kg m/s = (0.05 kg) v
v = 2.4 m/s
In science, a broad idea that has been repeatedly verified so as to give scientists great confidence that it represents reality is called "a theory".
<u>Explanation:</u>
In science, the interpretation of a feature of the organic world that can be tested in repeat manner and analysed by applying agreed tests validation methods, calculation and observation in according to the scientific method, such process is called as a theory in science.
The difference lie between a theory and a hypothesis. Because hypothesis is an "educated guess". Overall it is either a proposed interpretation of an observed phenomenon, or a logical inference of a possible causal association between several phenomena.