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Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
a
The effect of a change in the price of a new pair of headphones on the equilibrium price of replacement tips ( dp/dpN) is

b
The value of Q and p at equilibruim is
and
5
The consumer surplus is 
The producer surplus is 
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The inverse market demand is 
The inverse supply function is 
a
The effect of change in the price is mathematically given as

Now differntiating the inverse market demand function with respect to 
We get that

b
We are told that
$30
Therefore the inverse market demand becomes

At equilibrium

So we have

Where
is the quantity at equilibrium



Substituting the value of Q into the equation for the inverse market demand function

5
Looking at the equation for
we see that
For Q = 0


And for Q = 250


Hence the consumer surplus is mathematically evaluated as

Substituting value


And
The producer surplus is mathematically evaluated as


Answer:
Static electricity.
Explanation:
Electric Charge; Is the quantity of electricity held in an object
The balloon is electrically neutral, meaning it had an equal amount of positive and negative charges hence it couldn't attract the paper.
After rubbing the balloon, it gained an electric charge; and after gaining this charge it got the ability to exert a force on the pieces of paper and attract them, This is called static electricity.
Therefore, Static electricity caused the paper to stick to the balloon.
To solve this problem it is necessary to apply the concepts related to the Stefan-Boltzman law that is responsible for calculating radioactive energy.
Mathematically this expression can be given as

Where
A = Surface area of the Object
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
e = Emissivity
T = Temperature (Kelvin)
Our values are given as





Replacing at our equation and solving to find the temperature 1 we have,




Therefore the the temperature of the coldest room in which this person could stand and not experience a drop in body temperature is 12°C