Hi
Below are five major steps of DNA or gene cloning:
1: You chose the gene or specific piece of DNA you need to clone and cut the gene with restriction enzymes from the source organism.
2: You need to choose a vector for the process of cloning and you will cut the vector with same restriction enzymes through which you have cut your target DNA sequence to be inserted into the vector.
3: You place the target gene into the vector and join or seal the gene with vector by using an enzyme called DNA ligase.
4: You introduce the vector with your target gene into a suitable host organism such as yeast or bacteria through the process of Transformation. In this process host organism takes up the vector containing your target gene and starts replicating the target DNA along with their own DNA and thus creating millions of copies of target gene .
5: In the last step, the DNA or target gene is isolated from host organism and purified and is ready to be used since its quantity has been enormously increased through the process of cloning.
The cloning is also called as recombinant DNA technology and is the main process that is being used in the production of insulin for diabetes patients. You can see below image for better understanding.
Hope it help!
Energy is released from ATP when a <span>phosphate group is removed from ATP yielding ADP+p+energy.</span>
I believe the biggest space mission of the twenty-first century will be a manned mission to Mars, and the colonization that follows. This is the stated goal of several nations, companies, and individuals, all with considerably deep pockets. This mission will not only be a huge leap forward in space exploration, it will usher in a new era in human history in which the human race is an interplanetary civilization, a natural milestone as humanity continues to progress and advance.
Significant challenges are many and overwhelming. In terms of getting to mars, we need efficient, powerful propulsion systems and a spaceship that can not only accommodate a full crew for a mission that would likely last years, but withstand the various hazards that a long trip through space and entrance into the Martian atmosphere will entail. In terms of colonization, significant challenges will include establishing efficient and frequent travel/transport between the planets, and in the longer term, the necessity to terraform the planet (make it more like Earth) so that humans can more easily live there.
Answer:
The basic resources a living organism needs to survive are sustinence, shelter, and heat. Sustinence is not an unlimited source and wild animals have to hunt to get their food, and if they hunt too much, the food chain will fall out of balnce to where there is no more of that species.
Shelter or safe homes can also be limited, from animals that find natural spots, or make their own homes out of resources, it can be difficult to not be constantly exposed to the natural environment.
Heat is dependant on climate, and is provided by the sun. Nonetheless, in the winter, it isn't reliable, and in the summer, animals may overheat. In conclusion overall, all of these resources are limited or depending on such circumstances.
