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adelina 88 [10]
2 years ago
7

(100 pts.) Please explain the following in detail:

Biology
1 answer:
Svetlanka [38]2 years ago
6 0

Answer:

1. interphase is the portion of the cell cycle that is not accompanied by gross changes under the microscope while phases is a distinct period or stage in a series of events or a process of change our development.

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How does a storm affect the quality of water in a river?
GalinKa [24]

Explanation:

. It is strongly impacted by runoff from rain events. This is easily observed by the eye during and after storms when streams and rivers are very cloudy and look brown. When it rains, the dirt, animal waste, and other contaminants that build up on the surface of the ground or pavement are washed off into the streams and rivers. Though there is more water in the streams and rivers during storms, there are more contaminants as well.

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How does the conservation of matter relate to the process of digestion?
pshichka [43]

Answer: According to the the law of Conservation of Matter, matter is neither created nor destroyed. ... When matter changes from one form to another, e.g., a portion of beef steak (beef protein) is eaten and digested, the macro-structure of the beef is broken by our digestive enzymes into its component amino acids.

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3 years ago
During cellular movement which filaments will be the ones that are responsible for attaching and pulling the other filaments alo
Makovka662 [10]

Answer:

Myosin

Explanation:

Myosin are the major components of both muscle and non muscle cells in striated muscles which is responsible for contraction or movement that convert chemical energy (ATP) into mechanical work thereby generating force and movement.

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3 years ago
Which is the least likely reason that pigs have been chosen as donors for humans in the process of
aivan3 [116]

Answer:Pigs have the same DNA as humans

Explanation:

8 0
2 years ago
cehgg Bone is an anisotropic tissue that supports higher loads in the longitudinal direction, due to the high level of organizat
Ann [662]

Answer:

Bone is a live tissue which is responsible for sustaining the human body. It can grow and self-repair. Bones are submitted to the action of the muscles loads and the gravity. Long bones, as femurs, for instance, provide stability and support for a person to remain standing or walking.

Many researches have been done in Biomechanics area. In order to position this paper along with the other bone anisotropy papers, a short overview of the Biomechanical works were provided, freely classifying them in different areas/approaches. Among the papers that deal with the bone anisotropy, there are those that describe the structural bone details. These papers are named here as micro/nano papers, as in (Carnelli et al. 2013) and in (Baumann et al. 2012). Others papers only consider the macroscopic effects and are named here as macro papers, as it is this manuscript. There are papers that use Finite Element software to model bone, named here as numerical papers, as in (Kenedi and Vignoli 2014), in (San Antonio et al. 2012) like this manuscript. Other papers use theoretical/analytical methodologies, as mechanics of solids, theory of elasticity, homogeneization theory and so on. These papers are named here as analytical papers, as in (Toridis 1969) like this manuscript as well. Experimental approaches can be also used, through the utilization of sensors/transducers to measure diverse mechanical characteristics of bones, as for instance, to obtain better elastic material constants to describe such a complex material as bone. These papers are named here as experimental papers, as in (Allena and Clusel 2014). Also there are papers that cover two or more areas; these papers are named here as multi-area papers.

2 MATERIAL ANISOTROPY

Bones, from a macroscopic point of view, can be classified as non-homogeneous, porous and anisotropic tissue, (Doblaré et al. 2004). At a human femur cortical and trabecular bone tissues can coexist, although for the medial cross section analyzed in this work only cortical bone is present. It is very difficult to obtain experimentally bone elastic mechanical properties. Some authors like (Taylor et al. 2002) have obtained orthotropic bone elastic properties indirectly, through the utilization of modal analysis and Finite Element Method approaches. To overcome this difficulty authors like (Jones 1998) and (Krone and Schuster 2006) present different constitutive relationships to model bone behavior, among them, there are three constitutive relationships that are especially important for this work: the isotropic, the transversally isotropic and the orthotropic.

The isotropic materials have only two independent mechanical elastic constants, the Young modulus E and the Poisson ratio ν. The transversally isotropic materials have five independent mechanical elastic constants, two Young modulli, one shear modulus and two Poisson ratios. The orthotropic materials have nine independent mechanical elastic constants, three Young modulli, three shear modulli and three Poisson ratios, (Jones 1998).

These mechanical elastic constants are placed at the stiffness matrixS, which relates stresses and strains. Hooke's law can also be written in a different form using a compliance matrix C as

 

where ejr are the strain components,Cjrlm are the compliance matrix components and τlm are the stress components. Note thate, C and τ are tensors.

The geometric compatibility and the equilibrium equations are represented, respectively, by equations (2) and (3)

 

 

where u are the displacements, x are the coordinates and f are the body forces. Also note that these equations can be expanded according to the coordinate system.

At next section the analytical model is described in details. The principal stresses and principal strains expressions are explicitly presented as well as the correspondent principal angles.

5 0
3 years ago
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