Answer:
Not too far removed from Collingwood’s concern with the elimination of physical and moral force via social civilization are accounts of civilized society concerned with the management of violence, if only by removing it from the public sphere. Such a concern is extended in Zygmunt Bauman’s account of civilization to the more general issue of producing readily governable subjects. The “concept of civilization,” he argues, “entered learned discourse in the West as the name of a conscious proselytising crusade waged by men of knowledge and aimed at extirpating the vestiges of wild cultures” (1987, 93).
This proselytizing crusade in the name of civilization is worth considering further. Its rationale is not too difficult to determine when one considers Starobinski’s (1993, 31) assertion: “Taken as a value, civilization constitutes a political and moral norm. It is the criterion against which barbarity, or non-civilization, is judged and condemned.” A similar sort of argument is made by Pagden (1988, 33), who states that civilization “describes a state, social, political, cultural, aesthetic—even moral and physical—which is held to be the optimum condition for all mankind, and this involves the implicit claim that only the civilized can know what it is to be civilized.” It is out of this implicit claim and the judgments passed in its name that the notion of the “burden of civilization” was born. And this, many have argued, is one of the less desirable aspects and outcomes of the idea of civilization
Answer:
Considering the plain view doctrine, which is an exception to the warrant requirement of the Fourth Amendment, is applied by law enforcement officers and courts who can seize evidence of a crime without a warrant, if the officer observes the evidence in plain view.
Explanation:
For any digital information related to a murder case that has been seized under the plain view doctrine to be used to convict you of a crime, has to comply with three conditions:
1. The digital evidence must be in out in the open, and easily observable by the officer, this is what "plain view" refers to.
2. The officer must have a legal right to be where he got the information related to the case.
3. The 'incriminating' character of the information must be a clear hint of the murder to fall under the plain view doctrine and the officer´s experience will help him determining whether the information is evidence or not, upon probable cause related to a crime.
Answer:
a. Fraction of Atom = 2.41E-5 when T = 600K
b. Fraction of Atom = 5.03E-10 when T = 298K
Explanation:
a.
Given
T = Temperature = 600K
Qv = Energy for formation = 0.55eV/atom
To calculate the fraction of atom sites, we make use of the following formula
Nv/N = exp(-Qv/kT)
Where k = Boltzmann Constant = 8.62E-5eV/K
Nv/N = exp(-0.55/(8.62E-5 * 600))
Nv/N = 0.000024078672493307
Nv/N = 2.41E-5
b. When T = 298K
Nv/N = exp(-0.55/(8.62E-5 * 298))
Nv/N = 5.026591237904E−10
Nv/N = 5.03E-10 ----- Approximated
I believe it’s A bit I. could be wrong
