I think that solitary confinement is not a cruel and unusual punishment because it keeps some other prisoners safe from them and prevents them from harming them or others.
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the answer is: d. by presenting the ideas of others
Cultural diffusion refers to a situation when the idea/characteristic of a certain culture is mixed with the idea/characteristic of another culture.
When media presenting the ideas of others, that idea would be heard and absorbed by a lot of people at the same time and potentially be implemented into their own culture. This would create a cultural diffusion.
Settlement of Americans in the west reflects mostly MANIFEST DESTINY.
Manifest Destiny was a popular nineteenth century belief of American settlers wherein they were ordained by God to prosper and expand from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean acquiring as much land as possible.
