The competitive exclusion principle states that two species cannot occupy the same niche. When two species compete for the same habitat and resources, the end result is that one species eliminates the other.
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Given the current environment in most developed countries, it is a challenge to maintain a good balance between calories consumed and calories burned, although maintenance of metabolic balance is key to good health. Therefore, understanding how metabolic regulation is achieved and how the dysregulation of metabolism affects health is an area of intense research. Most studies are focused on the hypothalamus, which is a brain area that acts as a key regulator of metabolism. Among the nuclei that comprise the hypothalamus, the arcuate nucleus is one of the major mediators in the regulation of food intake. The regulation of energy balance is also a key factor to ensure the maintenance of any species because of the dependence of reproduction on energy stores. Adequate levels of energy reserves are necessary for proper functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis. This review discusses valuable data presented in the 2015 edition of the International Workshop of Neuroendocrinology concerning the fundamental nature of the hormonal regulation of the hypothalamus and the impact on energy balance and reproduction.
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Yes. Air can be separated through fractional distillation. The air must be cooled to a liquid first. Considering nitrogen oxygen and argon all have different boiling points, the liquid air mixture can be heated very gently and carefully in a fractionating column. Each element will eventually vaporise and they can be condensed and collected at different points up the fractionating column because they each have different boiling points.
