Under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev, the doctrine of perestroika called for "<span>A. Openness in communication", since the "closed off" Soviet Tactics of the past were clearly not working by the 1980s.</span>
Answer:
The law of dominance
Explanation:
This cross (aabb x aabb) is an example of a double homozygous recessive cross. When organisms with recessive traits are crossed among themselves, the offspring will all show the recessive traits. Conversely, when one of the parents (or both) has a dominant allele for one of the genes, the offspring will show the dominant trait in a given proportion which normally is larger than the offspring with the recessive traits. These crosses led Mendel to propose the law of dominance.
Answer:
Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
The dilution factor in order to end up with 96 colonies of bacteria is 0.23 × 
.
For calculating the colony forming unit bacteria;
Colony-forming unit (CFU or cfu) is a measurement of live bacterial or fungi cells and is used to calculate the colony-forming unit of bacteria. CFU counts only viable cells as opposed to direct microscopic counts, which count all cells, both living and dead, using a hemocytometer. Colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) for liquids and colony-forming units per gram (CFU/g) for solids are used to indicate the results for convenience. The miles and Misra method can be used to compute CFU, which is helpful for assessing the microbiological load and severity of illness in blood and other samples.
∴ cfu/ml = (no. of colonies x dilution factor) / volume of culture plate
23 x cells per mL = 96 × dilution factor
Dilution factor = 23 × / 96
Dilution factor = 0.23 ×
Therefore, the dilution factor in order to end up with 96 colonies of bacteria is 0.23 × .
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Answer:
They use the process of photosynthesis to transform water, sunlight, and carbon dioxide into oxygen, and simple sugars
Explanation:
