Answer:
Sleep deprivation can cause the body to react as if it is in distress, releasing more cortisol, the stress hormone. Cortisol is the hormone that triggers your fight or flight response in the face of danger, raising your heart rate in preparation for a fight. Sleep disruptions can further disrupt your HPA axis, causing cortisol production to be distorted. Insomnia and other forms of sleep loss have been shown to cause your body to generate extra cortisol during the day, maybe to boost alertness.
Explanation:
The body's natural stress reaction kicks in during times of tension, starting with a cascade of hormones that make us feel more alert and cause subsequent physiological changes.
Answer 1: FALSE
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Health related factors do <em>not</em> refer to coordination, agility, power, speed, balance, and reaction time; skill related factors refer to </span>coordination, agility, power, speed, balance, and reaction time. Health related factors actually refer to physical health factors such as cardiovascular efficiency, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, and body composition. If a person rates high in the aforementioned attributes, he or she is considered to have good physical health.
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Answer 2: TRUE
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There are some aspects of fitness that we have little or no control over. If we suffer from a physical condition or injury such as a broken bone, fracture, muscle tear, or permanent damage to a limb, we might not be able to enhance our fitness levels. Similarly, if we are diagnosed with osteoporosis or arthritis, it it best to avoid high impact exercises and pushing ourselves harder during workouts. In this way, some factors beyond our control can influence our fitness.
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Answer 3: TRUE
<span>Good aerobic endurance does in fact mean good cardiovascular efficiency. </span>Aerobic endurance can be defined as<span> the mechanism through which your cardiovascular and respiratory systems help you sustain and maintain intensity during extended periods of cardiovascular exercise. When someone has good aerobic endurance they also have </span>good cardiovascular efficiency, which means that they can perform high intensity cardiovascular exercise with great speed.
Answer 4: FALSE
Muscular endurance is <em>not</em> defined as the greatest amount of force that a muscle group can exert in a single effort. The accurate definition of muscular endurance is <span>the ability of a </span>muscle<span> or muscle group</span><span> to be able to perform "repeated contractions against resistance for an extended period of time". For instance, muscular endurance involves performing a bicep curl with a heavy dumbbell. If you are able to perform repeated bicep curls with the dumbbell for many repetitions, you biceps/arms would be considered to have good muscular endurance. </span>
Answer 5: FALSE
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Muscular endurance does <em>not</em> only require aerobic energy only. Muscular endurance also requires anaerobic energy. A</span>naerobic energy refers to energy that is not derived from oxygen (as it is in the case of aerobic energy), but rather it is derived from <span>muscles through the process of glycolysis. </span>Glycolysis<span> refers to the process wherein glycogen stored in muscles is broken down into glucose (sugar) and is converted into energy. Anaerobic energy is used when we perform short bursts of intense exercise such as weight lifting, high intensity interval training, etc. </span>
Answer 6: FALSE
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Power is <em>not</em> the key element that will enhance improvement of muscular strength and endurance. </span>Power is the ability to generate as much muscular force as possible, with the greatest speed possible. Power does not necessarily mean you have increased muscular strength and endurance. For instance, if you perform a heavy weighted squat slowly for several repetitions, your muscular strength and endurance will be considered good, even if you do not perform the heavy squats as fast as possible (a trait of muscular power).
Answer 7: FALSE
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Body fat is <em>not </em>defined as the proportion of fat that is in your body compared to your bone and muscle.Body fat refers to the total proportion of fat in the body in proportion to the total body's mass (which includes the collective mass of </span>your bones, muscles, organs, tissues, blood, water, etc.). Body fat includes <span>includes essential body fat (that protects vital organs) and storage body fat.
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Answer 8: FALSE
<span>Flexibility is <em>not </em>the ability to maintain control of your body while stationary or moving. </span>Flexibility refers to the<span> range or span of motion in a joint or joints, and ability to move joints effectively in a large range of motion. For instance, if you perform a split, it involves flexibility, where your leg muscles (quadriceps, hamstrings, etc.) and joints (knee and hip) are able to extend and move in a full range of motion.
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Answer 9: TRUE
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Repetitive and short-term exercises do require anaerobic energy. As we have established in answer 5, anaerobic energy utilizes glucose from muscles in order to perform exercise. Short-term exercises such as sprints, weight lifting, etc., usually involve short bouts of repetitive intense exercise. Thus,r</span>epetitive and short-term exercises require anaerobic energy, rather than aerobic energy (energy from oxygen).
Answer 10: TRUE
Yes, a<span>erobic energy requires oxygen. Aerobic energy refers to energy needed in order to perform sustained cardiovascular exercise at a stable speed and intensity. For instance, if you run for five kilometers at the speed of 9 km/ hr, you utilize aerobic energy to do so. In other words, your cardiovascular system and respiratory system supply oxygen to your body efficiently which gives you the energy and endurance to sustain your run. </span><span>
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Health policy must tackle the social and economic determinants of health. Poor social and economic circumstances affect health throughout life. Social gradient would be best depicted by a ladder.
When thinking about health inequalities people often use the analogue of the ladder to show how the gradient of worsening health outcomes affects all people in society except those at the very top. This leads to the second part of the answer. health follows the social gradient. Those second from the top have worse health than those at the top, and so on, all the way down the social hierarchy.
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