Most genes contain the information needed to make functional molecules called proteins. (A few genes produce other molecules that help the cell assemble proteins.) The journey from gene to protein is complex and tightly controlled within each cell. It consists of two major steps: transcription and translation. Together, transcription and translation are known as gene expression.
During the process of transcription, the information stored in a gene's DNA is transferred to a similar molecule called RNA (ribonucleic acid) in the cell nucleus. Both RNA and DNA are made up of a chain of nucleotide bases, but they have slightly different chemical properties. The type of RNA that contains the information for making a protein is called messenger RNA (mRNA) because it carries the information, or message, from the DNA out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.
Translation, the second step in getting from a gene to a protein, takes place in the cytoplasm. The mRNA interacts with a specialized complex called a ribosome, which "reads" the sequence of mRNA bases. Each sequence of three bases, called a codon, usually codes for one particular amino acid. (Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.) A type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) assembles the protein, one amino acid at a time. Protein assembly continues until the ribosome encounters a “stop” codon (a sequence of three bases that does not code for an amino acid).
The flow of information from DNA to RNA to proteins is one of the fundamental principles of molecular biology. It is so important that it is sometimes called the “central dogma.”
Through the processes of transcription and translation, information from genes is used to make proteins.
Answer: Do you have answer choices?
Explanation:
The best answer is C - to break down food into nutrients.
The digestive system breaks down food into its simplest form that cell are able to utilize for energy. Food is broken down into its monomer units. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, lipids are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol and carbohydrates are broken down into glucose.
Glucose is then absorbed into the blood and transported to every cell in the body. The cells take in glucose and use it as fuel and raw material in the process of cellular respiration. From one molecule of glucose, 36 to 38 molecules of ATP ( the form of energy used by cells) are produced.
Photosynthesis makes glucose that is used in cellular respiration I think that’s how they work together
When you cross the parents on the outside of the Punnett square, the letters inside the boxes are the offspring
