Answer: Option B
Explanation: In simple words, top down approach refers to the approach ion which the organisation break down its system to have better and clear understanding of the sub systems within.
This approach is used by organisations doing complex business activities or involving high technical skills. Hence this approach is used by firms like biomedical ,financial services and high technology companies etc.
Answer:
Explanation:
One approach to organization is putting activities that are similar under one person. Fayol called this ""unity of direction.""
. Fayol was the first person who outlined the functions of management. He has fourteen principles of management; Unity of directions is one of the principle which narrates that One boss, one plan for a group, of activities having the same objective. As unity of direction principle, it leads all the members of the organization towards a common goal to achieve its objective.
Answer:
cost of equity is 11.60 %
Explanation:
Given data
cost of capital = 10.9 percent
tax rate = 35 percent
earnings = $21,800
bonds outstanding = $25,000
rate = 6 %
to find out
cost of equity
solution
we will find first value of unlevered
value of unlevered = earning ( 1 - tax rate ) / cost of capital
value of unlevered = 21800 ( 1 - 0.35 ) / 0.109 = $130000
so
value of unlevered will be for firm = 130000 × bond outstanding × tax rate
value of unlevered will be for firm = 130000 × 25000 × 35%
value of unlevered will be for firm = $138750
so value of firm will be = bond outstanding + equity
so equity will be = 138750 - 25000
equity = $113750
so now
cost of equity will be = cost of capital + ( cost of capital - rate) (bonds / equity ) ( 1 - tax rate )
cost of equity will be = 10.9%+ ( 10.9 % - 6%) (25000 / 113750 ) ( 1-0.35)
so cost of equity = 11.60 %
The blurring of the lines separating the subsets of the financial industry started in the <span>1990s. The blurring
of the lines that separate the subsets of the financial industry was initiated
in the 1990s under the regime of the president of the US, Bill Clinton. At the time,
the financial products were mainly loans, payment services, deposits, savings,
and fiduciary services. </span>
