1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
Vika [28.1K]
2 years ago
8

Question 26:

Biology
1 answer:
Ksenya-84 [330]2 years ago
3 0
(1) The energy is stored in the 2nd and 3rd phosphate bonds of ATP. When the 2nd and 3rd phosphate link breaks, energy is released, turning ATP to ADP. A third phosphate is added to ADP to convert it to ATP and store energy.

(2) Alcoholic fermentation takes place in yeast and results in the production of ethyl alchol from pyruvate.
Lactic acid fermentation takes place in animals and results in the production of lactic acid from pyruvate.
Neither of these processes will be slowed or stopped if there is no oxygen present.

(3) Glycolysis= 2 ATP
Krebs Cycle= 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain= 32 ATP
Total ATP= 36 ATP

glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain

(4) Stage 1 is referred to as the light-dependent reaction stage.
6H2O and sunlight are the starting molecules.
ATP and NADPH are the last molecules (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)

Cycle of Calvin.
6CO2 with ADP (Adenosine diphosphate)

(5) In this case, when 6 atoms of Carbon and 12 atoms of water are mixed together, the plant gets glucose, 6 atoms of water, and 6 atoms of oxygen out of it.

(6) Why? In the absence of Lactic acid fermentation, our bodies would be unable to perform many activities, including allowing our muscles to continue creating ATP from glucose when oxygen levels are low or during severe activity, as well as allowing bacteria to carry out its functions in our bodies.
When? When our cells want energy, they break down basic chemicals such as glycolysis in order to produce it.

(7) Photosynthesis is the process through which carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen. During the process of respiration, glucose and oxygen are exchanged for carbon dioxide and water. glucose (C6H12O6) combined with oxygen (O2) yields CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) with water (H2O) and ATP energy.

(1) During the fermentation process, an organism turns a carbohydrate into either alcohol or acid, which is carried out in the absence of oxygen.

(2) Because glycolysis is dependent on it, glycolysis also recycles it in order to allow it to enter glycolysis.

(3) Glycolysis and pyruvate

(4) When yeast rises, air bubbles are created.

(5) Lactic acid builds up in muscles after strenuous exercise, making them sore.
You might be interested in
Explain how the original source of energy for egrets, and all the other consumers , is the sun
Maslowich
The term cell growth is used in the contexts of biological cell development and cell division (reproduction). When used in the context of cell division, it refers to growth of cell populations, where a cell, known as the "mother cell", grows and divides to produce two "daughter cells" (M phase). When used in the context of cell development, the term refers to increase in cytoplasmic and organelle volume (G1 phase), as well as increase in genetic material (G2 phase) following the replication during S phase.[1]

Contents
Cell populations Edit

Cell populations go through a particular type of exponential growth called doubling. Thus, each generation of cells should be twice as numerous as the previous generation. However, the number of generations only gives a maximum figure as not all cells survive in each generation.

Cell size Edit

Cell size is highly variable among organisms, with some algae such as Caulerpa taxifolia being a single cell several meters in length.[2] Plant cells are much larger than animal cells, and protists such as Paramecium can be 330 μm long, while a typical human cell might be 10 μm. How these cells "decide" how big they should be before dividing is an open question. Chemical gradients are known to be partly responsible, and it is hypothesized that mechanical stress detection by cytoskeletal structures is involved. Work on the topic generally requires an organism whose cell cycle is well-characterized.

Yeast cell size regulation Edit
The relationship between cell size and cell division has been extensively studied in yeast. For some cells, there is a mechanism by which cell division is not initiated until a cell has reached a certain size. If the nutrient supply is restricted (after time t = 2 in the diagram, below), and the rate of increase in cell size is slowed, the time period between cell divisions is increased.[3] Yeast cell-size mutants were isolated that begin cell division before reaching a normal/regular size (wee mutants).[4]


Figure 1:Cell cycle and growth
Wee1 protein is a tyrosine kinase that normally phosphorylates the Cdc2 cell cycle regulatory protein (the homolog of CDK1 in humans), a cyclin-dependent kinase, on a tyrosine residue. Cdc2 drives entry into mitosis by phosphorylating a wide range of targets. This covalent modification of the molecular structure of Cdc2 inhibits the enzymatic activity of Cdc2 and prevents cell division. Wee1 acts to keep Cdc2 inactive during early G2 when cells are still small. When cells have reached sufficient size during G2, the phosphatase Cdc25 removes the inhibitory phosphorylation, and thus activates Cdc2 to allow mitotic entry. A balance of Wee1 and Cdc25 activity with changes in cell size is coordinated by the mitotic entry control system. It has been shown in Wee1 mutants, cells with weakened Wee1 activity, that Cdc2 becomes active when the cell is smaller. Thus, mitosis occurs before the yeast reach their normal size. This suggests that cell division may be regulated in part by dilution of Wee1 protein in cells as they grow larger.

Linking Cdr2 to Wee1 Edit
The protein kinase Cdr2 (which negatively regulates Wee1) and the Cdr2-related kinase Cdr1 (which directly phosphorylates and inhibits Wee1 in vitro)[5] are localized to a band of cortical nodes in the middle of interphase cells. After entry into mitosis, cytokinesis factors such as myosin II are recruited to similar nodes; these nodes eventually condense to form the cytokinetic ring.[6] A previously uncharacterized protein, Blt1, was found to colocalize with Cdr2 in the medial interphase nodes. Blt1 knockout cells had increased length at division, which is consistent with a delay in mitotic entry. This finding connects a physical location, a band of cortical nodes, with factors that have been shown to directly regulate mitotic entry, namely Cdr1, Cdr2, and Blt1.

Further experimentation with GFP-tagged proteins and mutant proteins indicates that the medial cortical nodes are formed by the ordered, Cdr2-dependent assembly of multiple interacting proteins during interphase. Cdr2 is at the top of this hierarchy and works upstream of Cdr1 and Blt1.[7] Mitosis is promoted by the negative regulation of Wee1 by Cdr2. It has also been shown that Cdr2 recruits Wee1 to the medial cortical node. The mechanism of this recruitment has yet to be discovered. A Cdr2 kinase mutant, which is able to localize properly despite a loss of function in phosphorylation, disrupts the recruitment of Wee1 to the medial cortex and delays entry into mitosis. Thus, Wee1 localizes with its inhibitory network, which demonstrates that mitosis is controlled through Cdr2-dependent negative regulation of Wee1 at the medial cortical nodes.[7]

Cell polarity factors
4 0
3 years ago
Related to episode 3: which of mary's affected cranial nerves is responsible for her double vision when looking right? why does
mixas84 [53]
<span>In Mary's case, the abducens is affected/ The abducens is a motor neuron that is responsible for innervating the lateral rectus muscle, this helps the pull the eye in a lateral direction. In Mary's case, only the right branch of this is affected so when she looks right the eye is simply not able to rotate laterally and she has double vision. The medial rectus muscle that is found in the right eye is responsible for pulling the eye so that she can look left. The oculomotor nerve is in charge of innervating this particular muscle and when it comes to mary's case, her cranial nerve III is not affected.</span>
5 0
3 years ago
The bacteria inside a tube worm would be analogous to what organism in the ocean ecosystem near the waters surface?
pashok25 [27]

the answer is A. i learned this in biology

7 0
3 years ago
Are more likely to be carriers of x-linked traits, and are more likely to express them
gavmur [86]
Females are more likely to be carriers of X-linked traits, and males are more likely to express them.
3 0
3 years ago
Which of these is the most likely effect on the ecosystem​
Sati [7]

One of the species dieing off.

7 0
3 years ago
Other questions:
  • How do bicarbonates influence biotic factors
    13·2 answers
  • Why are palindromes important to genetic engineers
    14·1 answer
  • Which carbohydrate can be used by the body as an immediate source of energy?
    12·1 answer
  • Why is ice cooler than water?
    7·1 answer
  • How did James Watson and Francis Crick explain the DNA molecule’s consistent width?
    11·1 answer
  • According to the principal of dominance, if a recessive gene for tallness is paired with another recessive gene for tallness, th
    13·1 answer
  • which conversion is the function of a photovoltaic cell? A) sunlight to electricity B) sunlight to mechanical energy C) sunlight
    11·1 answer
  • Is controlling homeostasis a conscious or unconscious process?
    10·2 answers
  • How has the system of classification chaged over time and what technology aloowed for this change?
    8·1 answer
  • TRUE OR FALSE thermal energy causes water at the ocean surface to evaporate
    12·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!