Standard Deduction: the portion of income not subject to tax that can be used to reduce your tax bill
AGI (Adjusted Gross Income): gross income <u>minus</u> certain <u>adjustments</u>, such as business expenses, student loan interest payments, IRA and other expenses.
Gross income: total income from <u>all</u> sources, including returns, discounts, and allowances, <u>before</u> deducting any expenses or taxes
Taxable income: money <u>earned</u> which is <u>subject to taxation</u> by federal or state authorities.
So as Gretchen has subtracted adjustments of student loan interest and IRA contributions from her gross income, the remaining amount is the AGI.