What is the boiling point

1‑Propanol ( P⁰ 1 = 20.9 Torr at 25 ⁰C ) and 2‑propanol ( P⁰ 2 = 45.2 Torr at 25 ⁰C ) form ideal solutions in all proportions. L

anastassius [24]

Answer : The mole fraction of vapor phase 1‑Propanol and 2‑Propanol is, 0.352 and 0.648 respectively.

Explanation : Given,

Vapor presume of 1‑Propanol $(P^o_1)$ = 20.9 torr

Vapor presume of 2‑Propanol $(P^o_2)$ = 45.2 torr

Mole fraction of 1‑Propanol $(x_1)$ = 0.540

Mole fraction of 2‑Propanol $(x_2)$ = 1-0.540 = 0.46

First we have to calculate the partial pressure of 1‑Propanol and 2‑Propanol.

$p_1=x_1\times p^o_1$

where,

$p_1$ = partial vapor pressure of 1‑Propanol

$p^o_1$ = vapor pressure of pure substance 1‑Propanol

$x_1$ = mole fraction of 1‑Propanol

$p_1=(0.540)\times (20.9torr)=11.3torr$

and,

$p_2=x_2\times p^o_2$

where,

$p_2$ = partial vapor pressure of 2‑Propanol

$p^o_2$ = vapor pressure of pure substance 2‑Propanol

$x_2$ = mole fraction of 2‑Propanol

$p_2=(0.46)\times (45.2torr)=20.8torr$

Thus, total pressure = 11.3 + 20.8 = 32.1 torr

Now we have to calculate the mole fraction of vapor phase 1‑Propanol and 2‑Propanol.

$\text{Mole fraction of 1-Propanol}=\frac{\text{Partial pressure of 1-Propanol}}{\text{Total pressure}}=\frac{11.3}{32.1}=0.352$

and,

$\text{Mole fraction of 2-Propanol}=\frac{\text{Partial pressure of 2-Propanol}}{\text{Total pressure}}=\frac{20.8}{32.1}=0.648$

Thus, the mole fraction of vapor phase 1‑Propanol and 2‑Propanol is, 0.352 and 0.648 respectively.

3 0

3 years ago

Inside stars in space, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms fuse together to form helium atoms. This represents which form of energy?

mixas84 [53]

Explanation:

When two small nuclei combine together to form a large nuclei then it is known as nuclear fusion.

When nuclei of two hydrogen atoms fuse together then it results in the formation of a helium atom along with the release of lot of energy. This energy is nuclear energy.

This nuclear reaction is as follows.

$^{2}_{1}H + ^{3}_{1}H \rightarrow ^{4}_{2}He + ^{1}_{0}n + Energy$

Thus, we can conclude that nuclear fusion represents nuclear energy.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Analyze how friction can be both a positive and negative aspect in our everyday lives. Use examples to support your statements.

3241004551 [841]

Answer:

For example, friction between our shoes and the floor stop us from slipping and friction between tyres and the road stop cars from skidding. Friction is sometimes unhelpful. For example, if you don't lubricate your bike regularly with oil, the friction in the chain and axles increases.

Explanation:

8 0

3 years ago

Consider the following chemical reaction in a small volume of solution. According to LeChatelier’s Principle, which perturbation

stiks02 [169]

Answer:

Decreasing the temperature will shift the equilibrium leftwards towards reactants.

Explanation:

Hello!

In this case, since the reaction between chromate anions and hydrogen ions yields dichromate anions, water and heat, we can infer this is an exothermic reaction by which heat is released (remember in endothermic reactions heat is absorbed as a reactant), it means that considering the LeChatelier’s which states that increasing the temperature of an exothermic reaction shifts the equilibrium leftwards since heat is a product, otherwise (decreasing the temperature) the equilibrium will be shifted rightwards.

Therefore, decreasing the temperature is the perturbation that will shift the equilibrium leftwards towards the reactants.

Best regards!

7 0

3 years ago

If you lived in Flagstaff, Arizona, how much salt (NaCl) would you have to add to your spaghetti water to get it to boil at 100

nasty-shy [4]

Answer:

Explanation:

This question is both theoretical and practical. While the theoretical aspect will be detailed fully here, the practical aspect will be provided as a form of guidance.

Water generally boils at 100°C when altitude (in feet) is 0. One of the colligative properties that occurs <u>when salt is added to water is that there is a boiling point elevation</u>(meaning an increase in boiling point). For instance, if 20g of salt is added to about 5.3 quarts of water, the boiling point of water will increase from 100°C to 100.04°C.

However, when the altitude/elevation of a place is about 7000 ft (like in Flagstaff, Arizona), water will boil at 95.3°C. In order to get 2 quarts of water to boil at 100°C in Flagstaff;

20g causes an increase in boiling point by 0.04°C (100°C to 100.04°C) in 5.3 quarts of water

What gram will increase the boiling point by same 0.04°C in 2 quarts

20g ⇒ 5.3

X ⇒ 2

5.3 X ⇒ 40g

X = 40 ÷ 5.3

X = 7.55g

Hence, 7.55g will cause an increase in boiling point by 0.04°C (from 100°C to 100.04°C) in 2 quarts of water

What mass of salt will increase the boiling point by 4.7°C (95.3°C to 100°C)

7.55g ⇒ 0.04

X ⇒ 4.7

X × 0.04 ⇒ 7.55 × 4.7

0.04X ⇒ 35.5

X = 887.5g

Hence, in order for the spaghetti water to boil at 100°C, 887.5g of salt needs to be added.

For the practical part of the question, some Kitchen scales have an accuracy of .25kg (250g) and some have an accuracy of .2 kg (200g) and some have an accuracy of .5kg (500g). The one your kitchen has will determine the amount of salt that you can measure. For example, if your kitchen scale/balance has an accuracy of 250g/0.25kg, then you can only measure 750g of the 887.5g (as the rest is 137.5g, which is not up to 250g of the scale's accuracy) of the required salt measurement. However, if you have a digital balance that can measure up to 2kg/2000g in one decimal place, that's the perfect balance to measure this salt.

5 0

4 years ago