<span>Humans have 23 Chromosomes </span>
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin in the photoreceptor cells of the vertebrate retina,phytochrome in plants, and bacteriorhodopsin<span> and bacteriophytochromes in some bacteria.
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Discovery In 1928 it was discovered by Frederick Griffith in an experiment generally known as transformation.
Experiment
In his experiment he considered two strains of <em>streptococus pneumonia,</em> one was R-type which was non-virulent and cause no disease in mice, other was virulent and S-type which cause disease and at last death of mice.
This experiment was comprised of four steps which are as follow:
Step 1: First he injected living strain of S into mice, after sometime mouce died.
Step 2: He injected living strain of R into mice, the mice alive as he did not got any disease.
Step 3: He injected heat killed strain of S into mice and mice remain alive.
Step 4: He mixed living R strain with heat killed S strain and then inject into mice. As a result the mice died.
Conclusion: It was found that genetic material from heat killed S stain were transferred to living R (non-virulent) strain, as a result R become virulent and cause the death of mice.
<h2>Xylem;phloem and cork</h2>
Explanation:
Wood is mainly known as secondary xylem found in trees
- Xylem is basically the vascular tissue which is responsible for the conduction of water and nutrients from the roots to shoots and leaves
- Secondary xylem is formed from secondary growth and is associated with lateral growth and grows from the vascular cambium
- Its cell walls are thickened by deposition of lignin which provides mechanical support to plants and consists of tracheids and vessels that are shorter and wider
- In large woody plants secondary xylem get differentiated into heartwood and sapwood
Bark is essentially made of phloem and cork
- Bark sole purpose is to provide protection to trees
- The inner bark is produced by vascular cambium which consists of secondary phloem whose innermost layer transports food from the leaves to rest of the plant
- The outer bark is a dead tissue which is the product of cork cambium
Modern day whale species, have very small pelvic bones in comparison to their body size, and also they are useless. This is because this bones in the whale body are remnants from the time when their ancestors were land dwelling creatures, thus they had legs as the typical land mammal has. But during their evolution, as their ancestors were starting to adapt more to the water, the legs started to disappear, but the bones inside of the body remained, even though they were of not use. Even though millions of years had passed since this bone is useless, it still exists, and the reason for that is that there hasn't been any evolutionary pressure for it to not exist, since it is not causing any disadvantage into the movement and lifestyle of the whales.