Answer:
An antibody is a blood protein in response to and counteracting a specific antigen. Antibodies combine chemically with substances that the body recognises as alien, such as bacteria, virsues and foreign substances in the blood.
- An antigen is a large moleule on the outside of a cell
- All living cells have antigens on the surface of their plasma membrane- These identify cells as"self' within the immune system
- Cells from the same individual have the same antigens while cells from different indivudial have different antigens
- A/B/O blood groups are related to antigens
Explanation:
I The The answer is either b or d I hope it helps My friend Message Me if I’m wrong and I’ll change My answer and fix it for you
It is important to evaluate an exercise program before you participate because you don't want to severely injure yourself or push yourself beyond your exercise ability.
Autoantibodies that contribute to the destruction of beta cells contributes to the development of type I diabetes mellitus (DM)
Explanation:
The autoantibodies produced in the cells of the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas are the main contributors of type I diabetes mellitus, which is an autoimmune-mediated disease.
DM type I is caused due to inhibition of insulin secretion by the beta cells of the pancreas. The autoantibodies are produced due to the presence of autoantigens like GAD65 which causes autoimmune pathogenesis of the pancreatic beta cells.
Along with these autoantibodies, the T-cell receptors act as mediators in the destruction of beta cells which finally results in DM.
The answer would be D. 30s (apex)
