Answer:
If the material is opaque, light is reflected or absorbed. If the material is transparent, all light is transmitted. If the material is translucent, the light is scattered. The higher the frequency, the more energy the light waves have. The lower the frequency, the less energy the light waves have.
Explanation:
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Answer: The ion that contribute to water hardness are:
--> a. Ca2+
--> b. (HCO)3^- and
--> c. Mg2+
While K+ DOES NOT contribute to water hardness.
Explanation:
WATER in chemistry is known as a universal solvent. This is so because it is polar in nature and dissolves most inorganic solutes and some polar organic solutes to form aqueous solutions. It is composed of elements such as hydrogen and oxygen in the combined ratio of 2:1.
Water is said to be HARD if it does not lather readily with soap. There are two types of water hardness:
--> Permanent hardness: This is mainly due to the presence of CALCIUM and MAGNESIUM ions in the form of soluble tetraoxosulphate(VI) and chlorides. These ions are removed by adding washing soda or caustic soda.
--> Temporary hardness: This is due to the presence of calcium HYDROGENTRIOXOCARBONATES. It can be removed by boiling and using slaked lime.
Therefore from the above given ions, Ca2+,(HCO)3^- and Mg2+ contributes to water hardness.
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The missing question is:
<em>What is the percent efficiency of the laser in converting electrical power to light?</em>
The percent efficiency of the laser that consumes 130.0 Watt of electrical power and produces a stream of 2.67 × 10¹⁹ 1017 nm photons per second, is 1.34%.
A particular laser consumes 130.0 Watt (P) of electrical power. The energy input (Ei) in 1 second (t) is:
The laser produced photons with a wavelength (λ) of 1017 nm. We can calculate the energy (E) of each photon using the Planck-Einstein's relation.
where,
The energy of 1 photon is 6.52 × 10⁻²⁰ J. The energy of 2.67 × 10¹⁹ photons (Energy output = Eo) is:
The percent efficiency of the laser is the ratio of the energy output to the energy input, times 100.
The percent efficiency of the laser that consumes 130.0 Watt of electrical power and produces a stream of 2.67 × 10¹⁹ 1017 nm photons per second, is 1.34%.
You can learn more about lasers here: brainly.com/question/4869798