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denpristay [2]
2 years ago
12

Q/Clinical applications of the IL1 (IL1= Interleukin-1 )beta and

Medicine
1 answer:
Lady_Fox [76]2 years ago
3 0

Answer:

Much debate has focused on the relative importance of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The production of these cytokines by synovial macrophages is tightly regulated by cell-cell contact with T cells. During this contact, several surface molecules are implicated in contact mediated cytokine production, including CD40 ligand, CD11b/c, and CD69. Apolipoprotein A-I, an acute phase reactant (APR) that declines during systemic inflammation (reverse APR), inhibits cytokine production by interfering in the T cell-monocyte interaction. Although the effects of IL-1 and TNF-alpha overlap, they have somewhat differing roles in RA on the basis of evidence from several animal models. TNF-alpha appears to play a more important role in triggering events leading to inflammation both locally and systemically, whereas IL-1 is more involved at the local level in processes leading to cartilage and bone destruction and in impeding cartilage repair. However, IL-1 and TNF-alpha strongly synergize in numerous biological functions, both in vitro and in vivo. Blockade of IL-1 and TNF-alpha simultaneously provides favorable effects in collagen and adjuvant induced arthritis, illustrating the importance of both cytokines.

Explanation:

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8 0
3 years ago
Greater decreases in overall brain volume in later adulthood is associated with ________________ in cognitive abilities and cogn
TEA [102]

Greater decreases in overall brain volume in later adulthood is associated with an unclear exact relationship in cognitive abilities and cognitive functioning.

<h3>How brain changes in late adulthood?</h3>

The brain's size reaches roughly 90% of its adult volume by the time a child is six years old. The brain begins to contract in our 30s and 40s, and by the time we reach our 60s, the brain is contracting even more rapidly. The brain begins to change in appearance, just like wrinkles and gray hair do later in life.

The brain actually shrinks and its overall mass decreases as adults. There are decreases in some neurotransmitters as well, including dopamine and acetylcholine. Loss of memory for recent events, familiar names, and familiar duties is the first sign of Alzheimer's disease. In old age, general knowledge memory does not deteriorate. There has been a deterioration in episodic and event memory.

To know more about brain visit :

brainly.com/question/11950231

#SPJ4

8 0
2 years ago
What shapes our personality most, nature or nuture and why?
guapka [62]

Answer:

One's personality is shaped by a combination of nature (genetic) and nurture (environmental) influences. Recent studies conducted among birds have demonstrated that environment plays a bigger role in forming personality than genetics, but obviously there are differences when translating these results to humans

Explanation:

   

4 0
3 years ago
Anemia can be caused by a diet lacking in which nutritional substances?
wel

Answer:

The best answer to the question: Anemia can be caused by a diet lacking in which nutritional substances?, would be, D: Folic acid and vitamin B12.

Explanation:

Anemia, is usually defined as a problem in the formation of red blood cells, or, erythrocites. Usually, there are a number of nutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, that play a vital role in the formation of these erythrocites. One such mineral is iron, which is why, when it is lacking in the diet, it can cause an anemia called iron-deficiency anemia. In this case, the anemia, which is either a reduced production of red-blood cells, or, cells that are incapable of carrying out their duty as oxygen-transporters, is caused by a dietary deficiency. Another form of this can be when the body itself, through an illness, is incapable of producing these cells. However, aside from iron, there are other two nutrients that are vital in the correct formation of erythrocites, and in their being efficent transporters: folic acid, also known as folate, and vitamin B12, both necessarily supplied by the diet, as the body cannot produce them.

5 0
3 years ago
The pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood.<br> a. True<br> b. False
sp2606 [1]

Answer:

False

Explanation:

They carry deoxygenated blood away from the right side of the heart and into the capillaries of the lungs for the purpose of gas exchange.

I hope this helps, and as always, I am joyous to assist anyone at any time.

8 0
4 years ago
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