Answer:
<h2>(1). electron electron repulsion</h2><h2>(2). repulsion </h2><h2>(3). attraction </h2><h2>(4). maximum attraction </h2><h2>(5). attractive </h2><h2>(6). repulsive </h2><h2>(7). maximum attraction </h2><h2>(8). molecule </h2>
Explanation:
The same charges repel each other while opposite charges attract each other. During electron-electron interaction repulsion take palace because the electron has negative charges. Nucleus has positive charges so the interaction between two nucleus results in the form of repulsion. When interaction takes place between nucleus and electron then attraction takes place between nucleus and electrons due to opposite charges.
The formation of a bond that takes place due to the sharing of the electrons is known as a covalent bond and thus the covalent molecule is formed.
Some things that can indicate a chemical change are change of odor, change of color, change in temperature or energy, such as the production or loss of heat. An example could be the rusting of metal, there would be a color change of going from a shiny silver to a dirty, splotchy red color. Some things that indicate a physical change are change of appearance like change of shape, etc. It can also be like a change between a solid to liquid to gas. For example, the cutting of a piece of paper.
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Answer:
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Explanation:
The changes in temperature caused by a reaction, combined with the values of the specific heat and the mass of the reacting system, makes it possible to determine the heat of reaction.
Heat energy can be measured by observing how the temperature of a known mass of water (or other substance) changes when heat is added or removed. This is basically how most heats of reaction are determined. The reaction is carried out in some insulated container, where the heat absorbed or evolved by the reaction causes the temperature of the contents to change. This temperature change is measured and the amount of heat that caused the change is calculated by multiplying the temperature change by the heat capacity of the system.
The apparatus used to measure the temperature change for a reacting system is called a calorimeter (that is, a calorie meter). The science of using such a device and the data obtained with it is called calorimetry. The design of a calorimeter is not standard and different calorimeters are used for the amount of precision required. One very simple design used in many general chemistry labs is the styrofoam "coffee cup" calorimeter, which usually consists of two nested styrofoam cups.
When a reaction occurs at constant pressure inside a Styrofoam coffee-cup calorimeter, the enthalpy change involves heat, and little heat is lost to the lab (or gained from it). If the reaction evolves heat, for example, very nearly all of it stays inside the calorimeter, the amount of heat absorbed or evolved by the reaction is calculated.