Answer:
Lichens, represented by this symbiotic relationship, are responsible for <u><em>primary succession</em></u> or the establishment of a new site for plant growth.
Explanation:
Primary succession can be described as a type of succession which occurs in areas where there was no form of life before or any form of life had fully been eradicated from those areas. For example, lava flow etc.
Lichens are the species which tend to colonize these lands first and are the pioneer species to be seen during primary succession. They have the capability to grow on rocks and release acids which break down the rocks and converts them into soil.
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A rising corpus of research known as queer theory claims that heterosexual bias exists in American society.
<h3>What is the core tenet of queer theory?</h3>
Queer theory critically examines how some forms and displays of sexuality and gender are institutionalized while stigmatizing others. The emergence of Queer Theory came with the growth and acceptance of Gay and Lesbian (now LGBT or Queer) Studies in the academic world.
<h3>What essential elements comprise queer theory?</h3>
The three levels that make up queer theory are: the macro level, which is the overall context of society, culture, politics, policies, and law; the micro level, which is an individual's identity; and the meso level, which is an individual's interaction with their immediate social circles, including their immediate family, friends, and coworkers.
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Answer: Ghareeb Nawaz, or reverently as a Shaykh Muʿīn al-Dīn or Muʿīn al-Dīn or Khwājā Muʿīn al-Dīn (Urdu: معین الدین چشتی) by Muslims of the Indian subcontinent, was a Persian Muslim[3] preacher,[6] ascetic, religious scholar, philosopher, and mystic from Sistan,[6] who eventually ended up settling in the Indian subcontinent in the early 13th-century, where he promulgated the famous Chishtiyya order of Sunni mysticism.[6][7] This particular tariqa (order) became the dominant Muslim spiritual group in medieval India and many of the most beloved and venerated Indian Sunni saints[4][8][9] were Chishti in their affiliation, including Nizamuddin Awliya (d. 1325) and Amir Khusrow (d. 1325).[6] As such, Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī's legacy rests primarily on his having been "one of the most outstanding figures in the annals of Islamic mysticism."[2] Additionally Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī is also notable, according to John Esposito, for having been one of the first major Islamic mystics to formally allow his followers to incorporate the "use of music" in their devotions, liturgies, and hymns to God, which he did in order to make the foreign Arab faith more relatable to the indigenous peoples who had recently entered the religion or whom he sought to convert.[10] Others contest that the Chisti order ever permitted musical instruments and a famous Chisti, Nizamuddin Auliya, is quoted as stating that musical instruments are prohibited.
Explanation:
Answer: The intentional infliction of emotional distress has four elements
(1) The defendant must act intentionally or recklessly.
(2) The defendant's conduct must be extreme and outrageous:
(3) The defendants act is the cause of the distress
(4) Plaintiff suffers severe emotional distress as a result of defendant's conduct.
Explanation:
Intentional or reckless act: It is not necessary that an act be intentionally offensive. A reckless disregard for the likelihood of causing emotional distress is sufficient.
Extreme and outrageous conduct:
The conduct must be horrible and beyond the standards of civilized decency or utterly intolerable in a civilized society. Whether the conduct is illegal does not determine whether it meets this standard.
Cause of the distress: The actions of the defendant must have actually caused the plaintiff's emotional distress beyond the bounds of decency.
Plaintiff suffers severe emotional distress as a result of defendant's conduct: This standard is quantified by the intensity, duration, and any physical manifestations of the distress.
