Herbivores are organisms that feed on plants. Plants have different mechanisms of defending against herbivores, mostly by synthesizing compounds that give the plants a bitter or unpleasant taste. The synthesis of these molecules is intensified when the plant and its cells suffer physical damage, so, in the case of peeled potatoes, there should be an increase in activity of this protective enzyme.
Answer: DNA
Explanation:
mRNA is the complement of the DNA template strand. Transcription (process that makes mRNA) requires DNA and nucleotides (A,U,G and C)
Answer:
The ability of caffeine to inhibit adenosine receptors, plays a very important role in heightened alertness and sleeplessness.
Explanation:
"<em><u>Caffeine</u></em>" (<em>1,3,7-trimethylxanthine</em>) is an alkaloid obtained from plants. It has a chemical formula of C8H10N4O2.
Caffeine is generally <em>hydrophillic</em> but sufficiently <em>lipophilic</em> to pass through all biological membranes and readily cross the blood-brain barrier.
Therefore can bind with the adenosine receptors. Due to the blocking of adenosine inhibitory effects through its receptors held by paraxanthine and caffeine, it indirectly affects the release of <u>norepinephrine, dopamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, glutamate</u> e.t.c.
The release of the above-mentioned hormones have a great impact on the heightened alertness of the body, especially <em>dopamine</em> and <em>serotonin</em>.
New technology drive progress in many research fields,including cell biology.
Answer:
50% probability of Pp (purple) or pp (white) genotype.
Explanation:
P = purple gene
p = white gene
Punnet squares show the possible genotypes and probabilities of each genotype in the offspring of a cross:
Purple flower genotype (heterozygous) = Pp
White flower genotype = pp
Punnet Square:
![\left[\begin{array}{ccc}&P&p\\p&Pp&pp\\p&Pp&pp\end{array}\right]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cleft%5B%5Cbegin%7Barray%7D%7Bccc%7D%26P%26p%5C%5Cp%26Pp%26pp%5C%5Cp%26Pp%26pp%5Cend%7Barray%7D%5Cright%5D)
Potential genotypes for offspring are Pp and pp;
According to the Punnett square, 2 of 4 offspring will have the Pp genotype and the other 2 will have pp genotypes;
This means 2 should be purple and 2 white;
Or, there is a 50% chance of having either genotype, of being purple or white.
