Answer: Ptolemaic system, also called geocentric system or geocentric model, mathematical model of the universe formulated by the Alexandrian astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy about 150 CE and recorded by him in his Almagest and Planetary Hypotheses. The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology; that is, it starts by assuming that Earth is stationary and at the centre of the universe. The “natural” expectation for ancient societies was that the heavenly bodies (Sun, Moon, planets, and stars) must travel in uniform motion along the most “perfect” path possible, a circle. However, the paths of the Sun, Moon, and planets as observed from Earth are not circular. Ptolemy’s model explained this “imperfection” by postulating that the apparently irregular movements were a combination of several regular circular motions seen in perspective from a stationary Earth.
Explanation:
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The more numbers of the homologous structure, the more likely they have recently shared a common ancestor.
Explanation:
Homologous organs are defined as those organs which do have different functions but a similar basic structure which denotes the divergent evolution. Homologous organs are seen in species that are very close to each other which are more related with each other in terms of evolution. For example, a bird is more close to each man than a fish, so do share more homologous organs common to man than fishes do. Examples of the homologous organs are hands of human and wings of birds. They have same basic structure like skeletal structure which is humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals and phalanges. They are similar in structure but have different functions like flying in birds and gathering food in humans.
We must first define these three prominent definitions of species. Biological species concept means that organisms resemble each other because of genes being passed from parent to offspring. Phylogenetic species concept means that organisms resemble each other because they evolved from a common ancestor. Lastly, morphological species concept characterizes species on the structure of their body parts rather than genetic or phylogeny.
In this case, (1) biological species concept is not applicable for extinct species, (2) phylogenetic species concept is based on evolutionary history, (3) morphological species concept relies on similarities in structure, (4) Morphological and phylogenetic species concept accommodates asexual reproduction, and lastly (5) all species concepts are used by scientists in classification.
That would be myology. Myology is the study of the muscular system, wlong with its nature, structure, functions and diseases. It mainly deals with the three types of muscles found in the human body: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles. Muscles are also categorized depending on whether or not they are voluntary or involuntary. Myology is concerned with the study of all this and much more.
