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1 year ago

In the context of cell signaling, to what does the term ligand refer?.

Biology

1 answer:

lubasha [3.4K]1 year ago

7 0

Any small molecule that can bind in a specific manner to a larger one.

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assume that life on Mars requires cell potential to be 100mV, and the extracellular concentrations of the three major species ar

svetlana [45]

Answer:

Explanation:

From the information given:

The cell potential on mars E = + 100 mV

By using Goldman's equation:

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF}In \Big (\dfrac{P_K[K^+]_{out}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{out}+P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{out} }{P_K[K^+]_{in}+P_{Na}[Na^+]_{in}+ P_{Cl}[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big )$

Let's take a look at the impermeable cell with respect to two species;

and the two species be Na⁺ and Cl⁻

$E_m = \dfrac{RT}{zF} In \dfrac{[K^+]_{out}}{[K^+]_{in}}$

where;

z = ionic charge on the species = + 1

F = faraday constant

∴

$100 \times 10^{-3} = \Big (\dfrac{8.314 \times 298}{1\times 96485} \Big) \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$3.981= \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$exp ( 3.981) = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}} \\ \\ 53.57 = \dfrac{4}{[K^+]_{in}}$

$[K^+]_{in} = \dfrac{4}{53.57}$

$[K^+]_{in} = 0.0476$

For [Cl⁻]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = -0.0257 \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$-3.981 = \ \mathtt{In} \Big ( \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}} \Big)$

$0.01867 = \dfrac{120}{[Cl^-]_{in}}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} = \dfrac{120}{0.01867}$

$[Cl^-]_{in} =6427.4$

For [Na⁺]:

$100 \times 10^{-3} = 0.0257 \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$53.57= \Big ( \dfrac{145}{[Na^+]_{in}} \Big)$

$[Na^+]_{in}= 2.70$

6 0

2 years ago

Give a brief description of both Name 3 similarities and 3 differences.

FromTheMoon [43]

Answer:

Similarities And Differences:

If a topic, law or scientific research shares the same origin of study, similar to another topic or term, then they will be compared and further analyzed by the team of scientists and research workers in order to have some conclusions and results.

Explanation:

As there are many scientific research and analyses which is been carried out in order to analyze the different elements in the process of comparison between any two subjects and terms.

There are various subjects and topics of research work. Many of the scientific research work are in parallel to each other as they are somehow compared by other scientists and research workers.

7 0

3 years ago

If there were no decomposers, which of the following would most likely happen?

Luda [366]

Answer: i would think that the earth would naturally ware it down over time if there are no decomposers

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

What food is the leading cause of fatal food-related choking in children?

GaryK [48]

Popcorn, grapes and hotdogs

5 0