<span>The two members of a conjugate acid-base pair differ by a proton.
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Answer:
The net charge on each lysine molecule would be -1.
Explanation:
- <u>When the pH is above 2.2</u> the deprotonated form of the carboxylic acid is more present, while the amino group and side chain (which is also amino) remain protonated (with a positive charge):
R-COOH ↔ R-COO⁻
R-NH₃⁺
R'-NH₃⁺
Net charge = +1
- <u>When pH is above 9.0</u>, the carboxyl group remains deprotonated, while the amino group is deprotonated and the side chain is protonated:
R-COOH ↔ R-COO⁻
R-NH₂
R'-NH₃⁺
Net charge = 0
- <u>When pH is above 10.5</u>, the carboxyl group remains deprotonated, while both the amino group and the side chain are deprotonated:
R-COOH ↔ R-COO⁻
R-NH₂
R'-NH₂
Net charge = -1
So at pH=13 (which is above 10.5) the net charge is -1.
A very electronegative atoms has a strong ability of attracting electrons towards itself. As a result, it would gain electrons more than it usually has. Therefore, it would form an anion, or a negatively charge ion. These ions readily accepts electrons from the valence of other elements.
A large fraction of a specific source is used up.
