I divided the volume by a 1000 because it must be in litres, but it wont make any difference because they will cancel out, but you must always convert it to L or dm3 unless it says in the question something else.
The scientist that performed the cathode ray experiment leading to the discovery of electrons is J.J. Thomson.
<h3>What is a cathode ray?</h3>
A cathode ray is a tube that contains negatively charged electrode( that is the cathode) which emits electrons when heated at a low pressure.
The cathode ray was used by the scientist, J.J. Thomson to find the ratio of charge to mass (e/m) of the electrons.
Therefore, the scientist that performed the cathode ray experiment leading to the discovery of electrons is J.J. Thomson.
Learn more about electrons here:
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136g of iron oxide will be produced
The process of sexual reproduction involves two parents, each contributing one gamete (and different types of genetic information, in shape of DNA). Gametes are produced by a process, called meiosis, which starts by the duplication of the chromosomes, followed by two rounds of cell divisions and halving of the chromosome number. Gametes have half the chromosome number of other adult cells of an organism. When two gametes merge, zygote is created.
A key feature of meiosis is the exchange of chromosome pieces which occurs in the first division of this process, called recombination or crossing over. Recombination is a very important source of genetic variation between individuals of sexually reproducing species, and the driving force for the process of natural selection.
Answer:
a. Polar
b. Polar
c. Non-polar
d. Non-polar
Explanation:
a. 
, hydronium cation contains a positive charge. Just as any other ion, it is polar, as it has a net charge.
b. 
has the same shape as water. There are two lone pairs on sulfur atom which produce an overall dipole moment in this molecule, the bent structure is polar.
c. 
is non-polar, as the central atom, phosphorus, doesn't contain any lone pairs, all the dipole moments cancel out: two dipole moments in the vertical plane, P-Cl, and three P-Cl dipoles in the horizontal plane within a trigonal bipyramidal shape.
d. 
is non-polar, since it's a tetrahedral molecule with no lone pairs on carbon atom, all four C-F dipole moments cancel out to yield a net 0 dipole moment.
