Answer:
Part a)

Part b)

So this speed is independent of the mass of the rider
Explanation:
Part a)
By force equation on the rider at the position of the hump we can say

now we will have


now we have



Part b)
At the top of the loop if the minimum speed is required so that it remains in contact so we will have

at minimum speed




So this speed is independent of the mass of the rider
Electromagnetic waves do not require a medium to travel through. They can travel through empty space or matter.
1.Use the balance to find the mass of the object. Record the value on the "Density Data Chart."
2.Pour water into a graduated cylinder up to an easily-read value, such as 50 milliliters and record the number.
3.Drop the object into the cylinder and record the new value in millimeters.
4.The difference between the two numbers is the object's volume. Remember that 1 milliliter is equal to 1 cubic centimeter. Record the volume on the data chart.
5.Compute the density of the object by dividing the mass value by the volume value. Record the density on the data chart.
The answer is carbon dioxide. This primordial earths’ atmosphere was composed by gasses from degassing of the earth's interior after its formation. It is after the beginning of life that oxygen levels began to rise and levels of carbon dioxide began to reduce in the atmosphere (as a result of photosynthesis).
B is your answer oscillating