Explanation:
The reaction equation will be as follows.

Using bond energies, expression for calculating the value of
is as follows.

On reactant side, from
number of bonds are as follows.
C-C bonds = 1
C-H bonds = 6
From
; Cl-Cl bonds = 1
On product side, from
number of bonds are as follows.
C-C bonds = 1
C-H bonds = 5
C-Cl bonds = 1
From HCl; H-Cl bonds = 1
Hence, using the bond energies we will calculate the enthalpy of reaction as follows.

=
= -102 kJ/mol
Thus, we can conclude that change in enthalpy for the given reaction is -102 kJ/mol.
Answer: Na2CO3 → Na2O + CO2 is already balanced
Explanation:
See answer.
Mass percent is calculated by the ratio of the mass of the substance in a sample over the total mass of the sample multiplied by 100. Assuming 1 mol of the acid, we will have 74.09 g. We do as follows:
% by mass C = 3 ( 12.01) / 74.09 x 100 = 48.63% C