Answer:
A proton gradient is generated by the transport of protons into the thylakoid lumen.
Protons move from the thylakoid lumen to the stroma through ATP synthase, producing ATP.
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, the environment is made acidic inside the lumen i.e. H⁺ are pumped into thylakoid lumen from stroma as a result of which more H⁺ are present in the thylakoid lumen as compared to stroma. It happens during light dependent reaction of photosynthesis. The concentration of H⁺ is already higher in lumen and transfer of more and more H⁺ from stroma increases the concentration of H⁺ even more leading to generation of a potential gradient. These H⁺ subsequently tend to move freely from lumen to stroma via "reverse pumps known as ATP synthase". The reason why these are known as reverse pumps is because pumps usually move particles from lower to higher concentration which is an active movement i.e. not natural so such movement requires energy. Naturally particles move from higher to lower concentration gradient until the concentration becomes equal on both the sides but pumps act opposite of this natural process and move particles from lower to higher concentration and utilize energy to do it. But here H⁺ are moving from higher to lower concentration which occurs naturally so ATP synthase rather than using energy tend to generate energy and this free energy is used to generate ATP from ADP & Pi (inorganic phosphate).
If your decreasing the size of something spinning your also decreasing the amount it spins so it would be spinning slower !
Answer:
I believe it's A and B
Explanation:
Hope my answer has helped you!
The second row of values in plant experiment most likely to have "high oxygen level and carbon dioxide level would be the same".
Explanation:
The procedure by which living things convert oxygen and glucose to water and carbon, accordingly yielding vitality is called photosynthesis. It does not require the nearness of daylight and is continually happening in living life forms. Cell breath occurs in the mitochondria of cells.
Through these procedures, plants get the carbon dioxide they need, and living life forms get the oxygen they need. They are additionally crucial to the vitality trade that living things need to endure.
Answer:
Egg white and amino acid solution.
Explanation:
Egg white and amino acid solution are the two foods that are used for building of body parts because they have proteins in them that is responsible for the building of muscles of in human body. There are two components of egg i.e. white and yellow part. White is the proteinic part whereas yellow parts having fats and other nutrients. Amino acid solution has amino acids which is considered as the building block from which protein is made.
