Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. B
8. C
9. C
10. D
11. B
Explanation:
1.
Igneous rocks form when hot molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. Igneous rocks are divided into two groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending on where the molten rock solidifies. Intrusive igneous rocks are cooled underground. When a magma cools below the surface it does so more slowly, allowing a better development of the crystals, which because of that reach sizes that can be observed with the naked eye. So <u><em>the sentence is false, because an intrusive igneous rock isn't fine grain.</em></u>
2.
Minerals consist of solid, natural and inorganic materials, formed from magma or the alteration of existing minerals. Therefore, each one has a chemical structure that depends on its composition, and defined physical properties. On the contrary, a rock can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and that does not have a specific chemical composition.
3.
These three types of rocks differ in their formation and not in their composition.
Igneous rocks are the result of solidification of magma.
Sedimentary rocks are formed from the alteration and destruction of other rocks that previously existed.
Metamorphic rocks are those that are produced by the evolution of an earlier rock that was subjected to an energy environment very different from its formation.
4.
This is because, as mentioned, there are some types of rocks that form tanton inside as well as on the earth's surface, and the tectonic plates are responsible for removing them.
5.
Physical weathering causes the rock to break, but under no circumstances does it affect its chemical or mineral composition. The resulting changes are perceived in their physical conditions.
An example is rock cracking caused by freezing and thawing of water. The water that is in the small cracks in the rock freezes, increases its size and, after repeating it many times, ends up breaking the rock.
6.
Oxygen constitutes 46.6% and silicon 27.7% of the earth's crust.
7.
The geometry of minerals is determined by the way in which their constituent atoms are joined. Its complexity (or not) is due to slight relocations of atoms due to differences in temperature or pressure when the crystal solidifies.
8.
Minerals like calcium, iron or iodine constitute a good percentage of nutrients obtained from food.
Macro minerals like phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium and trace minerals like zinc, cobalt, copper, selenium are commonly found in medicines.
Fertilizers contain essential minerals like potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen that are best for the growth of plants.
Minerals like limestone, gypsum, slate, dolomite, or clay are used in building materials.
9.
The covalent bond is the chemical bond between atoms where electrons are shared, forming a molecule. Covalent bonds are established between non-metallic elements, such as hydrogen H, oxygen O and chlorine Cl. These elements have many electrons in their outermost level (valence electrons) and have a tendency to gain electrons to acquire the stability of the electronic structure of noble gas. The shared electron pair is common to the two atoms and holds them together.
10.
The difference between lava and magma is its location relative to the surface of the earth. Magma is found in the inner part of the Earth. The lava is on the surface of the Earth.
Before a volcano erupts, the magma inside increases pressure. At the moment when the volcano erupts, magma turns into lava.
11.
An ion is an electrically charged molecule. It consists of an atom or molecule that is not electrically neutral, that is, has gained or lost electrons. A cation (or cations) forms when the ion is positively charged (i.e., lost of electrons). An anion (or anions) is formed when it is a negatively charged ion (that is, with excess electrons).
