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2 years ago

How to convert butanoic acid to propanamide?

1 answer:

8 0

Butanoic acid is converted to propanamide by first converting it to propanoic acid, then ammonium propanoate and then finally propanamide by heating.

<h3>How are carboxylic acids converted to amides?</h3>

Carboxylic acids are converted to amides by converting them into into an ammonium salt which then produces an amide on heating.

The ammonium salt is prepared by adding ammonium carbonate to an excess of the acid. The ammonium salt is then heated to give the amide

Therefore, butanoic acid is converted to propanamide by first converting it to propanoic acid, then ammonium propanoate and then finally propanamide by heating.

In conclusion, carboxylic acids are converted to amides in two steps.

Learn more about carboxylic acids and amides at: brainly.com/question/9616270

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which type of bonding involves sharing valence electrons, but the valence electrons aren't confined to a specific region between

VashaNatasha [74]

Answer:

metallic bonding

Explanation:

Metallic bonding is bonding where electrons exist as "sea of electrons" meaning they can go anywhere in the structure and are not localized in specific place like covalent bonds are sometimes.

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3 years ago

Please help I need the answer now. Write a balanced equation for combustion of pentane in plenty supply of air and in limited su

Ratling [72]

Pentane burns in plenty of air: CO₂ and H₂O is produced.

C₅H₁₂ + 8 O₂ → 5 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

Pentane burns in limited amount of air: CO or even C is produced along with H₂O.

2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂ → 10 CO + 12 H₂O

<h3>Explanation</h3>

Pentane is a hydrocarbon. There are five carbon atoms in each of its molecule. Its molecular formula will be C₅H₁₂.

Hydrocarbon fuels burn to produce CO₂ when there's plenty of air.

? C₅H₁₂ + ? O₂ → ? CO₂ + ? H₂O

Among all species in this reaction, C₅H₁₂ has the largest number of atoms per molecule. Assume that the coefficient of C₅H₁₂ is one.

<em>1</em> C₅H₁₂ + ? O₂ → ? CO₂ + ? H₂O

C₅H₁₂ is the only <em>reactant</em> that contains C atoms. There are 5 C atoms in a C₅H₁₂ molecule. There should be the same number of C atoms in the products.
CO₂ is the only <em>product</em> that contains C atoms. There are one C atom in each CO₂ molecule. 5 C atoms correspond to 5 CO₂ molecules.

<em>1 </em>C₅H₁₂ + ? O₂ → <em>5</em> CO₂ + ? H₂O

Similarly, C₅H₁₂ is the only <em>reactant</em> that contains H atoms. H₂O is the only <em>product</em> that contains H atoms. There are 12 H atoms in one C₅H₁₂ molecule, which corresponds to 6 H₂O molecules.

<em>1</em> C₅H₁₂ + ? O₂ → <em>5</em> CO₂ + <em>6</em> H₂O

Both CO₂ and H₂O are <em>products</em> that contains O atoms. There are 5 × 2 + 6 × 1 = 16 O atoms in total in 5 CO₂ molecules and 6 H₂O molecules. The 16 O atoms on the <em>product</em> side corresponds to 8 O₂ molecules on the reactant side.

<em>1</em> C₅H₁₂ + <em>8</em> O₂ → <em>5</em> CO₂ + <em>6</em> H₂O

1 C₅H₁₂ + 8 O₂ → 5 CO₂ + 6 H₂O

All coefficients shall be whole numbers. If there's any fraction in this equation, multiply both sides by the least common multiple of their denominators.

Hydrocarbon fuels burn to produce H₂O and CO when there's a limited supply of air. C (soot) might also be produced. Assuming that only CO is produced. Try to balance the equation using the same method.

1 C₅H₁₂ + 11/2 O₂ → 5 CO + 6 H₂O

2 C₅H₁₂ + 11 O₂ → 10 CO + 12 H₂O

Less O₂ is consumed for each mole of C₅H₁₂.

Consider: What would be the balanced equation when only C is produced?

<h3>Reference</h3>

"Products and effects of combustion", <em>GCSE Chemistry (Single Science)</em>, BBC Bitesize.

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3 years ago

How did the development of the earliest idea about atoms differ from the later work of scientists?

NISA [10]

The early ideas of the atom states that the indivisible object is hollow or is a solid object with nothing inside. The later discoveries or works of the scientists states that inside the atoms are the subatomic particles which are the electrons, protons, and neutrons.

6 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Draw the alkane formed when 4,5,5-trimethyl-1-hexyne is treated with two equivalents of hbr.

AveGali [126]

<h3>Answer:</h3>

The Alkane formed is 5,5-dibromo-2,2,3-trimethylhexane. as shown below in attached scheme (Green Color).

<h3>Explanation:</h3>

Alkynes like Alkenes undergo <em>Electrophillic Addition Reactions</em>. The reaction given is a two step reaction. In step 1, the Alkyne adds first equivalent of HBr obeying <em>Markovnikov's rule</em> (i.e. Bromine will add to carbon containing less number of hydrogen atoms) and forms <em>2-bromo-4,5,5-trimethylhex-1-ene</em>. In step 2, the alkene formed in first step (2-bromo-4,5,5-trimethylhex-1-ene) undergoes addition reaction with the second equivalent of HBr via Markovnikov's rule to produce <em>5,5-dibromo-2,2,3-trimethylhexane</em>.

The scheme is attached below, Blue color is assigned to starting Alkyne, Red color is assigned to intermediate Alkene and Green color is assigned to product Alkane respectively.

3 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

Ignore the answer I have selected but please help!! Ty in advance, also please explain

weeeeeb [17]

Answer:

Iodine is most reactive because it is very close to having a "full shell" which is 8 electrons so they are "eager" to gain the last electron to became balanced, so that makes it the most reactive. Hope that helps:)

Explanation:

4 0

3 years ago

How to convert butanoic acid to propanamide?​

How to convert butanoic acid to propanamide?