4. (a)(i)Show that log4x=2log16x. (ii)Show that log x=3logb³ x. (iii) Show that log₂x=(1+log₂3)logix.

Mathematics

1 answer:

alexdok [17]2 years ago

3 0

that log4x=2log16x. (ii)Show that log x=3logb³ x. (iii) Show that log₂x=(1+log₂3)logix

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Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

$\displaystyle \int \text{f}(x)\:\text{d}x=\text{F}(x)+\text{C} \iff \text{f}(x)=\dfrac{\text{d}}{\text{d}x}(\text{F}(x))$

If differentiating takes you from one function to another, then integrating the second function will take you back to the first with a constant of integration.

$\boxed{\begin{minipage}{4 cm}\underline{Integrating $x^n$}\\\\$\displaystyle \int x^n\:\text{d}x=\dfrac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}+\text{C}$\end{minipage}}$

Increase the power by 1, then divide by the new power.

Given indefinite integral:

$\displaystyle \int x \ln x \:\: \text{d}x$

To integrate the given integral, use Integration by Parts:

$\boxed{\begin{minipage}{5 cm}\underline{Integration by parts} \\\\$\displaystyle \int u \dfrac{\text{d}v}{\text{d}x}\:\text{d}x=uv-\int v\: \dfrac{\text{d}u}{\text{d}x}\:\text{d}x$ \\ \end{minipage}}$

$\text{Let }u=\ln x \implies \dfrac{\text{d}u}{\text{d}x}=\dfrac{1}{x}$

$\text{Let }\dfrac{\text{d}v}{\text{d}x}=x \implies v=\dfrac{1}{2}x^2$

Therefore:

$\begin{aligned}\displaystyle \int u \dfrac{dv}{dx}\:dx & =uv-\int v\: \dfrac{du}{dx}\:dx\\\\\implies \displaystyle \int x \ln x\:\:\text{d}x & = \ln x \cdot \dfrac{1}{2}x^2-\int \dfrac{1}{2}x^2 \cdot \dfrac{1}{x}\:\:dx\\\\& = \dfrac{1}{2}x^2\ln x -\int \dfrac{1}{2}x\:\:dx\\\\& = \dfrac{1}{2}x^2\ln x - \dfrac{1}{4}x^2+\text{C}\end{aligned}$