Positron emission = emission of a positron and a neutrino when a
proton is convert into a neutron. The total number of particles in the
nucleus doesn't change, -1 proton +1 neutron
It's a spontaneous reaction for some nucleus.
eg:
Positron = e+
Neutrino=ve
O-15 --> N-15 + e+ +ve
Electron
capture= A nucleus absorb an electron while a proton is convert in a
neutron and emit a neutrino. The total number of particles in the
nucleus doesn't change, -1 proton +1 neutron
eg:
Al-26 +e- --> Mg-26 + ve
Electron
capture and positron emission are two mechanisms to explain the decay
of some unstable isotopes. Electron capture is usually observed when the
energy difference between the initial and final state is low. Mainly
because of the larger amount of kinetic energy need for the expulsion
two particles with the positron emission mechanism.
Greenhouse gases released from the burning of fossil fuels are responsible for global warming.
<h3>What is the atmosphere?</h3>
The atmosphere is the region of region of the planet above its surface area where gases envelop the planet.
Based on the effect of greenhouse gases on global warming;
- Planet A has a higher surface temperature due to the higher amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas.
- Methane is the main constituent of natural gas. Humans increase the contribute to increase in methane gas by raising cattle,
- Pollutants come from both natural sources and human activities.
- Sulfur Dioxide is produced by the combustion of fuels in automobiles. Once in the atmosphere, it combine with water to form acid precipitation.
- Nitrogen and oxygen do not contribute to the greenhouse effect because they are made up of 2 atom molecules that are bound tightly so they CANNOT vibrate to absorb energy.
- Greenhouse gases contribute to global warming by absorbing infrared energy that reflects off Earth's surface and reemitting the energy in all directions. This keeps the infrared energy close to the Earth's surface.
- Most of the greenhouse gases produced come from burning fossil fuels in factories, ships, cars, trains.
Therefore, pollutants such as greenhouse gases are responsible for global warming.
Learn more about greenhouse gases at: brainly.com/question/12684997
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Answer:
An orbital is a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron.
Explanation:
The orbital is a concept that developed in quantum mechanics. Recall that Neils Bohr postulated that the electron occupied stationary states which he called energy levels. Electrons emit radiation when the move from a higher to a lower energy level. Similarly, energy is absorbed by an electron to move from a lower to a higher orbit.
This idea was upturned by the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. This principle state that the momentum and position of a particle can not be simultaneously measured with precision.
Instead of defining a 'fixed position' for the electron, we define a region in space where there is a possibility of finding an electron with a certain amount of energy. This orbital is identified by a set of quantum numbers.
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