<span>The first enzyme is reverse transcriptase. The concept of
reverse transcription was much unknown at first. A reverse transcriptase is an enzyme used to
generate complementary DNA (cDNA) from an RNA template, a process termed
reverse transcription. It is mainly associated with retroviruses. As it
contradicted the central dogma of molecular biology, which states that DNA is
convert into RNA, which is then translated into proteins.</span>
Answer:
Bacteriophages are attaching to bacterial cell wall and injecting genetic material.
Explanation:
Bacteriophage:
A bacteriophage (bacteria eater) is a type of virus that infects bacteria. Bacteriophages are composed of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein shell or capsid.
Following are steps of bacteriophage infection:
- Bacteriophage attaches to cell surface receptors on the surface of the bacterium.
- Depending upon the type of phage, the bacteriophage either injects its DNA or RNA into the bacterium or enters as a whole. In this image, the bacteriophage T4 is represented which injects its genetic material into the host cell.
- The phage's genetic material hijacks the cellular machinery of the host and replicates itself within the host.
- After replication, the phages burst open the bacteria cell and are released. This is called the lytic cycle of bacteriophage infection.
- In another type of infection cycle, called the lysogenic cycle, the bacteriophage genome gets incorporated into the host genome, known as a prophage. This prophage lies dormant.
* The second step of the infection cycle is pictured here.
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Primary succession is one of two types of biological and ecological succession of plant life, occurring in an environment in which new substrate devoid of vegetation and other organisms usually lacking soil,such as a lava flow or area left from retreated glacier,is deposited <span />
