In prokaryotes, horizontal gene transfer (HGT), the transfer of genetic material from one organism to another organism within the same generation, is an important way to promote genetic diversity. HGT allows even distantly related species to share genes, influencing their phenotypes.
Transformation: Mode of genetic transfer in which “bare DNA” is taken up from the environment is taken up by cells
Transduction: Mode of genetic transfer in which genes are transferred by a bacteriophage to a bacterial cell
Conjugation: Mode of genetic transfer in which two cells must come in contact and genetic material is transferred to a recipient cell from a donor cell through its pili
In dog gametes, there are half the chromosomes contained in normal diploid cells. In the normal diploid cell of the dog there are 78 chromosomes, thus, in dog gametes, there are 39 chromosomes.
Similarly, in deer mouse brain cells there are 48 chromosomes since brain cells are diploid cells.
In gametes there are half of that number, so in deer mouse gametes there are 24 chromosomes.
This is an example of co-evolution.
<u>Explanation:</u>
In co-evolution one species or a number of species evolve according to the changes in another species. Here the evolution of the beak of humming bird according to the shape of Ossifloramixta flower is an example of co-evolution. Co-evolution is common in the nature.
Bees, insects and butterflies commonly co evolve with the flower plants and vice versa. Co-evolution is of two types. The first type is specific co – evolution where only two parties are involved in co-evolution. In the second type of co-evolution namely diffused co-evolution many species evolve in response to specific traits in a species.
There are 5 major types of infectious bacteria