Apical surface is the name of the epithelial cell surface that faces the outside of an organ.
The edge of the epithelium that faces light or the outside environment is called the apical surface.
The apical surface of the epithelial cells, where the lumen of the vesicles and tubules are located, and the inner surface of the body cavities, form the interface between the extracellular and underlying tissues.
It has multiple functions, including absorption and excretion, immune surveillance, sensory conduction, and barrier formation.
These functions are activated by several specializations, including glycocalyx (it cushions and hydrates the apical membrane), apical plasma membrane lipids(it restricts flow of water and solutes), channels and receptors (it regulates active and passive transport and sense the presence of growth factors), cytokines, and mechanical stimuli (eg, tensile and shear stress).
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