Question

4. What is the overall nuclear fusion reaction in the Sun? Briefly describe the proton–proton chain.

Answer 1

Nuclear fusion is the source of all energy the Sun releases into space. The Sun fuses hydrogen at a steady rate, thanks to a natural feedback process that acts as a thermostat for the Sun's interior (p-p chain). Solar energy production remains steady because the rate of nuclear fusion is very sensitive to temperature.

Nuclear fusion

When two or more atomic nuclei join, one or more new atomic nuclei and subatomic particles are created. This reaction is known as nuclear fusion (neutrons or protons). Energy is released or absorbed depending on how much mass the reactants and products have in common.

The atomic nuclei before and after the reaction had different nuclear binding energies, which is how this difference in mass developed. Active or main sequence stars, along with other high-magnitude stars, are powered by nuclear fusion, which releases enormous amounts of energy. Energy will often be released during nuclear fusion that creates atomic nuclei lighter than iron-56 or nickel-62. Both their mass and nucleon binding energy are relatively high for these elements.

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