Sentence correction or sentence improvement is a type of grammatical practice where a sentence is given with a word or a phrase that requires grammatical changes or improvement.
Now,
In the given lines 17-19, researcher Tom Peacock argues that to create precise global climate models, scientists must be able to “capture processes” such as how internal waves are formed. In this context, to “capture” a process means to record it for scientific study.
Hence, options A,C,D cannot be the required answers, thus option B, record is the one.