Question

Describe the interactions that occur between individual chlorine atoms as they approach each other and form Cl₂. What combination of forces gives rise to the energy holding the atoms together and to the final internuclear distance?

Answer 1

When two chlorine atoms approach each other to form Cl2 covalent interaction occur between 2 individual  chlorine atom.

Due to their chemical stability, the nuclei of the two chlorine atoms attract the electrons of the other atom as they grow closer together. The attraction between the two nuclei grows as they get closer to one another, but so does the repulsion. The attraction between nuclei and electrons is substantially weaker than the repulsion between nuclei when atoms are very close to one another. The last internuclear distance at which maximal attraction instead of repulsion is obtained and at which the molecule's energy is also minimal. a covalent force of attraction  is  arises. the London dispersion force under Vander wall force of attraction give rise energy holding atoms.

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