Transformation of energy, because energy cannot be created or destroyed
Could you scroll up a little so I can see the first part of the question- I MIGHT be able to help you then. Thanks!
Answer:
Temperature of the sink will be 191.1 K
Explanation:
We have given that heat withdrawn form the source = 10 KJ
Work done = 3 KJ
We know that efficiency is given by

Higher temperature is given by 
We have to find the lower temperature 
We know that efficiency is also given by

So 
So temperature of the sink will be 191.1 K
Answer:

2) S(Δt)=So+g(Δt)
Explanation:
I think the equation they gave you for the Height upon time in seconds it's (1), where if you see, you will find the gravity, that you should multiply by 2 because, its divided by two in (1) (that should be your (a)), then, once you find your gravity, you can use the equation (2) to know the Final Speed replacing g , at the time asked, remember that g is gravity, and Δt is the: final time- initial time.
so in the [1,2] interval of time, your Δt=1s, and in [1,1.5] is Δt=0,5s.
i hoped it helped you even though i cant give you the exact answer right now.