Question

What is the internal energy of a system including the kinetic and potential energy of its particles?

Answer 1

Internal energy of a system is the product of specific heat and temperature included with number of moles. (i=nCT) and kinetic energy is product of Boltzmann constant and temperature.

• All systems have a certain amount of energy that can be converted into other energy to do work. The kinetic energy within the molecules and atoms that make up the body and the energy generated by the intermolecular forces between them are collectively called internal energy.

• In other words, the energy hidden in the system that can appear under different conditions can be called the internal energy of the system.

Internal energy is the sum of two energies:

(a) Thermal energy, which is the kinetic energy of molecules in random motion, and

(b) Potential energy of atoms.

• Potential atomic energy arises from the atomic forces acting between the atoms of molecules and the intermolecular forces between molecules.

• Total internal energy, E = kinetic energy (K.E.) + potential energy (P.E.).

• The state function describes the equilibrium state of the system, as well as the system itself.

• It is called the state function because the internal energy U is defined by the quantity that determines the state of the system at equilibrium. It is completely determined by the initial and final state of the system.

• As the temperature of the system increases, the molecules move faster, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy and an increase in internal energy.

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