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1 year ago

What is the internal energy of a system including the kinetic and potential energy of its particles?

1 answer:

8 0

Internal energy of a system is the product of specific heat and temperature included with number of moles. (i=nCT) and kinetic energy is product of Boltzmann constant and temperature.

All systems have a certain amount of energy that can be converted into other energy to do work. The kinetic energy within the molecules and atoms that make up the body and the energy generated by the intermolecular forces between them are collectively called internal energy.

In other words, the energy hidden in the system that can appear under different conditions can be called the internal energy of the system.

Internal energy is the sum of two energies:

(a) Thermal energy, which is the kinetic energy of molecules in random motion, and

(b) Potential energy of atoms.

Potential atomic energy arises from the atomic forces acting between the atoms of molecules and the intermolecular forces between molecules.

Total internal energy, E = kinetic energy (K.E.) + potential energy (P.E.).

The state function describes the equilibrium state of the system, as well as the system itself.

It is called the state function because the internal energy U is defined by the quantity that determines the state of the system at equilibrium. It is completely determined by the initial and final state of the system.

As the temperature of the system increases, the molecules move faster, resulting in an increase in kinetic energy and an increase in internal energy.

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State the 3 laws of motion

Georgia [21]

Answer:

Explanation:

Newton's first law of motion:

An object in motion stays in motion, and an object at rest stays at rest, until acted upon by an unbalanced force.

Newton's second law:

The net force on an object is equal to its mass times its acceleration.

Newton's third law:

For every action, there is an opposite and equal reaction.

6 0

3 years ago

Zigmanuir [339]

(a) The object moves with uniform velocity from A to B.

(b) The object moves with constant velocity from B to C.

<h3>Velocity of the object from point A to B</h3>

V(A to B) = (6 - 0)/(4 - 0) = 1.5 m/s

<h3>Velocity of the object from point B to C</h3>

V(B to C) = (6 - 6)/(11 - 4) = 0 m/s

<h3>Velocity of the object from point C to D</h3>

V(C to D) = (7 - 6)/(12 - 11) = 1 m/s

final velocity = 1 + 1.5 m/s = 2.5 m/s

Thus, we can conclude the following;

The object moves with uniform velocity from A to B.

The object moves with constant velocity from B to C.

The object moves with increasing velocity from C to D.

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4 0

2 years ago

A vertical spring gun is used to launch balls into the air. If the spring is compressed by 4.9 cm, the ball of mass 5.5 g is lau

AleksandrR [38]

We know, by conservation of energy :

$\dfrac{kx^2}{2}=mgh$

Therefore,

$\dfrac{x_1^2}{x_2^2}=\dfrac{h_1}{h_2}$

Putting given values, we get :

$\dfrac{x_1^2}{x_2^2}=\dfrac{h_1}{h_2}\\\\\dfrac{4.9^2}{x_2^2}=\dfrac{50.2}{2\times 50.2}\\\\x_2^2=2\times 4.9^2\\\\x_2 = 4.9\times \sqrt{2}\\\\x_2=6.93\ cm$

Therefore, the spring be compressed to 6.93 cm to send the ball twice as high.

Hence, this is the required solution.

6 0

3 years ago

A small but measurable current of 3.8 × 10-10 A exists in a copper wire whose diameter is 2.5 mm. The number of charge carriers

Karolina [17]

Answer:

a) 4.9*10^-6

b) 5.71*10^-15

Explanation:

Given

current, I = 3.8*10^-10A

Diameter, D = 2.5mm

n = 8.49*10^28

The equation for current density and speed drift is

J = I/A = (ne) Vd

A = πD²/4

A = π*0.0025²/4

A = π*6.25*10^-6/4

A = 4.9*10^-6

Now,

J = I/A

J = 3.8*10^-10/4.9*10^-6

J = 7.76*10^-5

Electron drift speed is

J = (ne) Vd

Vd = J/(ne)

Vd = 7.76*10^-5/(8.49*10^28)*(1.60*10^-19)

Vd = 7.76*10^-5/1.3584*10^10

Vd = 5.71*10^-15

Therefore, the current density and speed drift are 4.9*10^-6

And 5.71*10^-15 respectively

3 0

3 years ago

Astronomers know that the distance between the Earth and the Sun averages 1.50 x108 km. How can astronomers use the observed ste

rodikova [14]

Answer:

The distance of stars and the earth can be averagely measured by using the knowledge of geometry to estimate the stellar parallax angle(p).

From the equation below, the stars distances can be calculated.

D = 1/p

Distance = 1/(parallax angle)

Stellar parallax can be used to determine the distance of stars from an observer, on the surface of the earth due to the motion of the observer. It is the relative or apparent angular displacement of the star, due to the displacement of the observer.

Explanation:

Parallax is the observed apparent change in the position of an object resulting from a change in the position of the observer. Specifically, in the case of astronomy it refers to the apparent displacement of a nearby star as seen from an observer on Earth.

The parallax of an object can be used to approximate the distance to an object using the formula:

D = 1/p

Where p is the parallax angle observed using geometry and D is the actual distance measured in parsecs. A parsec is defined as the distance at which an object has a parallax of 1 arcsecond. This distance is approximately 3.26 light years

3 0

3 years ago