Nutrients
All microorganisms need food. The food sources can vary, but the organisms primarily extract carbon and nitrogen from substances such as proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Some microorganisms seek out and absorb such particles. Others may perform chemical reactions with surrounding elements such as carbon dioxide to gain what they need, while still others can produce their own simple sugars through photosynthesis similar to plants. Nitrogen, which is used to synthesize proteins, can be taken from the surrounding atmosphere or from other organic matter.
Temperature
In general, the higher the temperature, the more easily microorganisms can grow up to a certain point. Very high and very low temperatures both obstruct the enzyme processes microorganisms depend on to survive, but individual species of microorganisms have grown to prefer different levels of temperature. Scientists usually divide them into three different groups: psychrophiles, mesophiles and thermophiles. Psychrophiles prefer temperatures from 0 to 5 degrees Celsius; mesophiles like it in the middle, 20-45 degrees Celsius; and thermophiles like it hot, thriving in temperatures around or above 55 degrees.
pH Levels
Microorganisms also prefer a certain pH level in the substance or environment in which they grow--that is, they prefer to have particular acidic qualities in their surroundings. Most microorganisms, including most human pathogens, are neutriphils, organisms that prefer a neutral pH level. Some like high pH levels, but most often, if conditions are too acidic, then the organism's enzymes break down.
Moisture
The free flow of water is vital to microorganisms for their cells to exchange materials and for their metabolic processes. All microorganisms require some level of water, but a few can survive in low-moisture conditions by conserving all the water they find and by staying in a moisture-rich environment. As a general rule, though, the more moisture, the more microorganisms there will be found.
Elements Present
Answer:
All elements in Group 18 are called noble gases and are nonreactive which means they don’t readily react with other elements.
Explanation:
Na₂CO₃(s) → 2Na⁺(aq) + CO₃²⁻(aq)
The sodium carbonate formed from a strong base and a weak acid. Hydrolysis is subjected to the anion of a weak acid.
CO₃²⁻ + H₂O ⇄ HCO₃⁻ + OH⁻
HCO₃⁻ + H₂O ⇄ H₂CO₃ + OH⁻
pH>7 alkaline solution
2Na⁺ + CO₃²⁻ + 2H₂O ⇄ 2Na⁺ + 2OH⁻ + H₂CO₃
Answer:
- <em><u>The rate that SO₂ (g) reacts equals the rate that SO₃ (g) decomposes</u></em>.
Explanation:
The chemical equation for the reaction of sulfur dioxide and oxygen to produce sulfur trioxide is given:
- SO₂ (g) + O ₂ (g) ⇄ SO₃ (g)
The double arrow is indicating that this is an equilibrium reaction, which means that, once the reactants start to react, two reactions occur simultaneously:
- Direct or forward reaction:
SO₂ (g) + O ₂ (g) → SO₃ (g) . . . [the arrow goes from left to right]
SO₂ (g) + O ₂ (g) ← SO₃ (g) . . . [the arrow goes from right to left]
The chemical equilbrium is a dynamic equilibrium, which means that the species (reactants and products) do not remain static but they continue reacting: the rate of both direct and reverse reactions are equal, so in net terms the concentrations do not change.
A graph of reaction rate versus time shows the concentrations of reactants and products over time. Before reaching the equilibrium, the concentrations of reactants will decrease and the concentrations of products will increase, but when the equilibrium is reached the concentrations will remain constant, because, as explained the rate of both forward and reverse reactions are equal.
For the given equation, that means that SO₂ (g) (reactant in the forward reaction) will be consumed at the same rate that SO₃ (g) (reactant in the reverse reaction) will be decomposing.
<h2>
Answer:It always contains certain elements,It always contains elements in definite proportions.,It cannot contain atoms from more than one element.</h2>
Explanation:
The mineral need not occur always in a pure form.On purification we get the exact chemical composition.
The mineral always has a definite chemical composition which means the number of elements and types of elements in the mineral does not change.
Since the mineral has definite composition,the elements in the mineral has definite proportions.
The mineral can be a compound.So,there can be atoms from more than one element.